Emmanuelle Ménard
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Emmanuelle Ménard
Emmanuelle Ménard ( Duverger, born 15 August 1968) is a French journalist and politician who represented the 6th constituency of Hérault in the National Assembly from 2017 to 2024. Career International Federation for Human Rights A native of Lille, Ménard worked for the International Federation for Human Rights (IFHM), where she led its African bureau. She left the IFHM in 2003. Media In 2008, she created, with her husband, the publishing house Mordicus, and promoted a book of interviews between Dieudonné M'bala M'bala and Bruno Gaccio under the title ''Can we say everything?'', echoing the book by Raoul Vaneigem, ''Nothing is sacred, everything can be said'', criticizing the Gayssot Law, prefaced by Robert Ménard himself. In 2015, she published a book to describe the same law as a "catechism, which like all catechisms is made to be profaned", defending the freedom of expression of Holocaust deniers. In 2011, she co-wrote a book with Ménard titled ''Vive Le Pen!''. ...
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Member Of Parliament (France)
Deputies (, ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly (France), National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, 17th and current legislature of the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic has a total of List of deputies of the 17th National Assembly of France, 577 deputies, elected in List of constituencies of the National Assembly of France, 577 constituencies across Metropolitan France, metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for Constituencies for French residents overseas, French residents overseas (11). Name The term "deputy" is associated with the legislator's task to deputise for the people of his or her constituency. Current There are currently 577 legislative seats in the National Assembly. They are elected through the two-round system in Single-member district, single-member List of constituencies of the National Assembly ...
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National Centre Of Independents And Peasants
The National Centre of Independents and Peasants (, ; CNIP) is a right-wing agrarian political party in France, founded in 1951 by the merger of the National Centre of Independents (CNI), the heir of the French Republican conservative-liberal tradition (many party members came from the Democratic Republican Alliance), with the Peasant Party and the Republican Party of Liberty. It played a major role during the Fourth Republic (prior to 1958), but since creation of the Fifth Republic, its importance has decreased significantly. The party has mostly run as a minor ally of larger centre-right parties. The CNI and its predecessors have been classical liberal and economically liberal parties largely opposed to the ''dirigisme'' of the left, centre and Gaullist right. History Fourth Republic The Centre National des Indépendants was founded in January 1949 with the aim of uniting centre-right and right-wing parliamentarians, dispersed between a plethora of parties such as t ...
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Béziers
Béziers (; ) is a city in southern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hérault Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region. Every August Béziers hosts the famous ''Feria de Béziers'', which is centred on bullfighting. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event. The town is located on a small Cliff, bluff above the river Orb (river), Orb, about from the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast and southwest of Montpellier. At Béziers, the Canal du Midi passes over the river Orb by means of the ''Orb Aqueduct, Pont-canal de l'Orb'', an Navigable aqueduct, aqueduct claimed to be the first of its kind. History Béziers is one of the oldest cities in France. Research published in March 2013 shows that the Greek colonisation, ancient Greek colony of Béziers dates from 575 BCE, making it older than Agde (Greek Agathe Tyche, founded in 525 BCE) and slightly younger ...
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Triangular Election In France
In French politics, a triangular election () is a characteristic of the French electoral system, due to the Two-round system, two-round voting system for elections to the National Assembly (France), National Assembly. A triangular election occurs when three candidates from the first round have reached the retention threshold and do not withdraw in the second round. The winner of this election is determined by a Plurality (voting), relative majority. Depending on the elimination thresholds adopted for the first round, the second round may also give rise to a quadrangular election (4), or even a quinquangular (5) or sexangular election (6). Triangular elections were particularly notable in the 2024 French legislative election between the ', New Popular Front, and the Union of the Far-Right. Origins The first triangular elections appeared with the foundation of the Two-round system, two-round majority Single-member district, single-member constituency system. This electoral syste ...
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2024 French Legislative Election
Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 Deputy (France), members of the 17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, 17th National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. The election followed the Dissolution of parliament#France, dissolution of the National Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's ''Besoin d'Europe'' Party-list proportional representation, electoral list lost a significant number of seats in the 2024 European Parliament election in France, 2024 European Parliament election. In the first round of the election, the National Rally and candidates jointly backed by Éric Ciotti of The Republicans (France), The Republicans (LR) led with 33.21% of the vote, followed by the parties of the New Popular Fro ...
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Unseating
Unseating is a political term which refers to a legislator who loses their seat in an election. A legislator who is unseated loses the right to sit in a legislative chamber. A landslide victory results in many legislators being unseated. Australia In the 2025 Australian federal election, Liberal Party leader Peter Dutton lost his electorate of Dickson, the first time an opposition leader had been defeated in their own seat. Several days later, Greens leader Adam Bandt lost his seat of Melbourne. Canada * List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2011 Canadian federal election * List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2015 Canadian federal election * List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election * List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2021 Canadian federal election * List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2025 Canadian federal election In the 2025 Canadian federal election, Two sitting party leaders failed to win re-election to their parliamentary s ...
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2022 French Legislative Election
Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 Deputy (France), members of the 16th National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic. The elections took place following the 2022 French presidential election, which was held in April 2022. They have been described as the most indecisive legislative elections since the establishment of the five-year presidential term in 2000 French constitutional referendum, 2000 and subsequent change of the electoral calendar in 2002. The governing Ensemble Citoyens, Ensemble coalition remained the largest bloc in the National Assembly but substantially Presidential majority, lost its ruling majority, resulting in the formation of France's first minority government since 1993 French legislative election, 1993; for the first time since 1997 French legislative election, 1997, the incumbent president of France did not have an absolute majority i ...
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Twitter
Twitter, officially known as X since 2023, is an American microblogging and social networking service. It is one of the world's largest social media platforms and one of the most-visited websites. Users can share short text messages, images, and videos in Microblogging, short posts commonly known as "Tweet (social media), tweets" (officially "posts") and Like button, like other users' content. The platform also includes direct message, direct messaging, video and audio calling, bookmarks, lists, communities, a chatbot (Grok (chatbot), Grok), job search, and Spaces, a social audio feature. Users can vote on context added by approved users using the Community Notes feature. Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur), Evan Williams, and was launched in July of that year. Twitter grew quickly; by 2012 more than 100 million users produced 340 million daily tweets. Twitter, Inc., was based in San Francisco, C ...
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Greta Thunberg
Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg (; born 3January 2003) is a Swedish climate activist, climate and political activist initially known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action to climate change mitigation, mitigate the effects of climate change. Born in Stockholm, Thunberg's climate activism began when she persuaded her parents to adopt Individual action on climate change, lifestyle choices that reduced her family's carbon footprint. In August2018, aged 15, Thunberg began skipping school, vowing to remain out of school until after a 2018 Swedish general election, Swedish election to attempt to influence the outcome. She protested outside the Riksdag, Swedish parliament where she called for stronger Climate change mitigation, action on climate change by holding up a ' (School Strike for Climate) sign and handing out informational flyers. After the election, Thunberg spoke in front of supporters, telling them to use phones to film her. She then said she would c ...
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National Convention
The National Convention () was the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for its first three years during the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar). The Convention came about when the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention to draw up a new constitution with no monarchy. The other major innovation was to decree that deputies to that Convention should be elected by all Frenchmen 21 years old or more, domiciled for a year and living by the product of their labor. The National Convent ...
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War In The Vendée
The War in the Vendée () was a counter-revolutionary insurrection that took place in the Vendée region of French First Republic, France from 1793 to 1796, during the French Revolution. The Vendée is a coastal region, located immediately south of the river Loire in western France. Initially, the revolt was similar to the 14th-century Jacquerie peasant uprising, but the Vendée quickly became counter-revolutionary and House of Bourbon, Royalist. The revolt was comparable to the Chouannerie, which took place concurrently in the area north of the Loire. While elsewhere in France the revolts against the were repressed, an insurgent territory, called the by historians, formed south of the Loire-Atlantique, Loire-Inférieure (Brittany), south-west of Maine-et-Loire (Duchy of Anjou, Anjou), north of Vendée and north-west of Deux-Sèvres (Poitou). Gradually referred to as the "Vendeans", the insurgents established in April a "Catholic and Royal Armies, Catholic and Royal Army" wh ...
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Marie-France Lorho
Marie-France Lorho (born 15 December 1964) is a French politician from the National Rally serving as the member of the National Assembly for the 4th constituency of Vaucluse since 2017. She was a member of the League of the South (LS) until 2022, consequently being its sole representative in Parliament. Career The daughter of General Raymond Lorho (1924–2014), Marie-France Lorho was active in local politics in Orange prior to her tenure in the National Assembly. She is close to Mayor Jacques Bompard and was his substitute in the 2017 legislative election. Following Bompard's resignation to focus on his mayorship, Lorho became a parliamentarian. In February 2018, alongside Emmanuelle Ménard, she proposed a bill which would recognise the 1790s killings in Vendée by troops under the command of the National Convention as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. She stood for re-election in the 2022 French legislative election, with support from National Rally. She ...
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