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Email Hoax
Email spoofing is the creation of email messages with a forged sender address. The term applies to email purporting to be from an address which is not actually the sender's; mail sent in reply to that address may bounce or be delivered to an unrelated party whose identity has been faked. Disposable email address or "masked" email is a different topic, providing a masked email address that is not the user's normal address, which is not disclosed (for example, so that it cannot be harvested), but forwards mail sent to it to the user's real address. The original transmission protocols used for email do not have built-in authentication methods: this deficiency allows spam and phishing emails to use spoofing in order to mislead the recipient. More recent countermeasures have made such spoofing from internet sources more difficult but they have not eliminated it completely; few internal networks have defences against a spoof email from a colleague's compromised computer on that network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email
Electronic mail (usually shortened to email; alternatively hyphenated e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving Digital media, digital messages using electronics, electronic devices over a computer network. It was conceived in the late–20th century as the digital version of, or counterpart to, mail (hence ''wikt:e-#Etymology 2, e- + mail''). Email is a ubiquitous and very widely used communication medium; in current use, an email address is often treated as a basic and necessary part of many processes in business, commerce, government, education, entertainment, and other spheres of daily life in most countries. Email operates across computer networks, primarily the Internet access, Internet, and also local area networks. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email Server (computing), servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect, ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email Fraud
Email fraud (or email scam) is intentional deception for either personal gain or to damage another individual using email as the vehicle. Almost as soon as email became widely used, it began to be used as a means to defraud people, just as telephony and paper mail were used by previous generations. Email fraud can take the form of a confidence trick ("con game", "scam", etc.). Some confidence tricks tend to exploit the inherent greed and dishonesty of its victims. The prospect of a 'bargain' or 'something for nothing' can be very tempting. Email fraud, as with other " bunco schemes", usually targets naïve individuals who put their confidence in schemes to get rich quickly. These include 'too good to be true' investments or offers to sell popular items at 'impossibly low' prices. Another form of email fraud is an impersonation technique known as email spoofing: the recipient is misled by falsified origin information () into making an anticipated payment into the fraudster's acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting And Conformance
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) is an email authentication protocol. It is designed to give email domain owners the ability to protect their domain from unauthorized use, commonly known as email spoofing. The purpose and primary outcome of implementing DMARC is to protect a domain from being used in business email compromise attacks, phishing email and email scams. Once the DMARC DNS entry is published, any receiving email server can authenticate the incoming email based on the instructions published by the domain owner within the DNS entry. If the email passes the authentication, it will be delivered and can be trusted. If the email fails the check, depending on the instructions held within the DMARC record the email could be delivered, quarantined or rejected. DMARC extends two existing email authentication mechanisms, Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM). It allows the administrative owner of a domain to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email Spam
Email spam, also referred to as junk email, spam mail, or simply spam, refers to unsolicited messages sent in bulk via email. The term originates from a Spam (Monty Python), Monty Python sketch, where the name of a canned meat product, "Spam (food), Spam," is used repetitively, mirroring the intrusive nature of unwanted emails. Since the early 1990s, spam has grown significantly, with estimates suggesting that by 2014, it comprised around 90% of all global email traffic. Spam is primarily a financial burden for the recipient, who may be required to manage, filter, or delete these unwanted messages. Since the expense of spam is mostly borne by the recipient, it is effectively a form of "postage due" advertising, where the recipient bears the cost of unsolicited messages. This cost imposed on recipients, without compensation from the sender, makes spam an example of a "negative externality" (a side effect of an activity that affects others who are not involved in the decision). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DomainKeys Identified Mail
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method that permits a person, role, or organization that owns the signing domain to claim some responsibility for a message by associating the domain with the message. The receiver can check that an email that claimed to have come from a specific domain was indeed authorized by the owner of that domain. It achieves this by affixing a digital signature, linked to a domain name, to each outgoing email message. The recipient system can verify this by looking up the sender's public key published in the DNS. A valid signature also guarantees that some parts of the email (possibly including attachments) have not been modified since the signature was affixed. Usually, DKIM signatures are not visible to end-users, and are affixed or verified by the infrastructure rather than the message's authors and recipients. DKIM is an Internet Standard. It is defined in RFC 6376, dated September 2011, with updates in RFC 8301 and RFC 84 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DigitalOcean
DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational technology company and cloud service provider. The company is headquartered in New York City, New York, US, with 15 globally distributed data centers. DigitalOcean provides developers, startups, and SMBs with cloud infrastructure-as-a-service platforms. DigitalOcean also runs Hacktoberfest, a one-month-long celebration of open-source software held in October. Each year, it partners with different software companies, including GitHub, Twilio, Dev.to, Intel, Appwrite, and Deep Source. History In 2003, Ben Uretsky and Moisey Uretsky, who founded ServerStack, a managed hosting business, wanted to create a new product that would combine web hosting and virtual server and target entrepreneurial software developers. In 2012, the Uretskys met co-founder Mitch Wainer following Wainer's response to a Craigslist job listing. The company launched their beta product in January 2012. In mid-2012, the founding team consisted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email Authentication
Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the Domain name#Purpose, domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message. The original base of Internet email, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), has no such feature, so forged sender addresses in emails (a practice known as email spoofing) have been widely used in phishing, email spam, and various types of frauds. To combat this, many competing email authentication proposals have been developed. three had been widely adopted – Sender Policy Framework, SPF, DKIM and DMARC. The results of such validation can be used in automated email filtering, or can assist recipients when selecting an appropriate action. This article does not cover user authentication of email submission and retrieval. Rationale In the early 1980s, when Simple Mail Transfer Protoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sender Policy Framework
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method that ensures the sending mail server is authorized to originate mail from the email sender's domain. This authentication only applies to the email sender listed in the "envelope from" field during the initial SMTP connection. If the email is bounced, a message is sent to this address, and for downstream transmission it typically appears in the "Return-Path" header. To authenticate the email address which is actually visible to recipients on the "From:" line, other technologies, such as DMARC, must be used. Forgery of this address is known as email spoofing, and is often used in phishing and email spam. The list of authorized sending hosts and IP addresses for a domain is published in the DNS records for that domain. Sender Policy Framework is defined in RFC 7208 dated April 2014 as a "proposed standard". History The first public mention of the concept was in 2000 but went mostly unnoticed. No mention was made of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MARID
A marid ( ') is a type of devil (''shayṭān'') in Islamic tradition. The Arabic word, meaning "rebellious," is applied to such supernatural beings. Hans Wehr's '' A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' defines ''marid'' as a "demon" or "giant." The term is directly mentioned once in the Quran in Surat As-Saffat (Q37:7). They are also identified with the Persian '' devan''. Etymology The word ''mārid'' (Arabic: مارد) is an active participle derived from the Arabic root ''m-r-d'' (), whose primary meaning is "recalcitrant" or "rebellious." '' Lisan al-Arab'', the encyclopedic dictionary of Classical Arabic compiled by Ibn Manzur, documents only forms of this general meaning. The term appears as an attribute of evil spirits in the Quranic verse Surah aṣ-Ṣāffāt (37:7), which references a "safeguard against every rebellious devil" (). Cognates from the same Semitic root include the Hebrew words for "rebellion" () and "rebel" (). The '' Dictionary of Modern Writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport Layer Security
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide security, including privacy (confidentiality), integrity, and authenticity through the use of cryptography, such as the use of certificates, between two or more communicating computer applications. It runs in the presentation layer and is itself composed of two layers: the TLS record and the TLS handshake protocols. The closely related Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol that provides security to datagram-based applications. In technical writing, references to "(D)TLS" are often seen when it applies to both versions. TLS is a proposed Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard, fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joe Job
A Joe job is a spamming technique that sends out unsolicited e-mails using spoofed sender data. Early Joe jobs aimed at tarnishing the reputation of the apparent sender or inducing the recipients to take action against them (see also email spoofing), but they are now typically used by commercial spammers to conceal the true origin of their messages and to trick recipients into opening emails apparently coming from a trusted source. Origin and motivation The name "Joe job" originated from such a spam attack on Joe Doll, webmaster of joes.com, in early 1997. One user's joes.com account was removed because of advertising through spam. In retaliation, the user sent new spam with headers forged to make it appear that Joe Doll was responsible. Besides prompting angry replies, it also caused joes.com to fall prey to denial-of-service attacks, from anti-spam vigilantes who thought he had sent the mail, which temporarily took the site down. Some e-mail Joe jobs are acts of revenge like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sober (worm)
The Sober worm is a family of computer worms that was discovered on October 24, 2003. Like many worms, Sober sends itself as an e-mail attachment, fake webpages, fake pop-up ads, and fake advertisements. The Sober worms must be unpacked and run by the user. Upon execution, Sober copies itself to one of several files in the Windows directory, depending on the variant. It then adds appropriate keys to the Windows registry, along with a few empty files in the Windows directory. These empty files are used to deactivate previous Sober variants. Sober is written in Visual Basic and only runs on the Microsoft Windows platform. Known variants * Sober.L * Sober.N * Sober.Q * Sober.T * Sober.X * Sober.Y * Sober.Z Aliases * CME-681 * WORM_SOBER.AG * W32/Sober- * Win32.Sober.W * Win32.Sober.O * Sober.Y (not a variant, but another name for Sober.X, often used by F-Secure) * S32/Sober@MMIM681 * W32/Sober.AA@mm Affected platforms * Microsoft Windows family ** Windows 95 ** Windows 98 ** Window ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
