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Elschnig Spots
Elschnig's spots are black spots surrounded by bright yellow or red halos seen on the retina during fundoscopy in patients with advanced hypertensive retinopathy. They are named after Anton Elschnig Anton Elschnig (22 August 1863 – 1939) was an ophthalmologist born in Leibnitz, Austria. In 1886, he received his medical doctorate at the University of Graz, and later worked as an assistant at ophthalmology clinics in Graz and Vienna. In 1892 .... Causes Elschnig spots are commonly caused by acute hypertensive events of the choroidal vascular system, mostly in the young, because their system of vessels is not ready to handle the changes in blood pressure. These changes in blood pressure cause an infarct of the vessels leading to death of the RPE and photoreceptors they support creating this window defect. References External links Medical signs {{med-sign-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retina
The retina (from la, rete "net") is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception. The retina serves a function which is in many ways analogous to that of the film or image sensor in a camera. The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide monochromatic vision. Cones function in well-lit conditions and are responsible for the perception of colour through the use of a range of opsins, as well as high-acuity vision used f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophthalmoscope
Ophthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor. The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior will be viewed. Opening the pupil wider (dilating it) is a simple and effective way to better see the structures behind it. Therefore, dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) is often accomplished with medicated eye drops before funduscopy. However, although dilated fundus examination is ideal, undilated examination is more convenient and is also helpful (albeit not as comprehensive), and it is the most common type in primary care. An alternative or complement to ophthalmoscopy is to perform a fundus photography, where the image can be analysed later by a professional. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina and retinal circulation due to high blood pressure (i.e. hypertension). Signs and symptoms Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy have no symptoms. However, some may report decreased or blurred vision, and headaches. Signs Signs of damage to the retina caused by hypertension include: * Arteriolar changes, such as generalized arteriolar narrowing, focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, changes in the arteriolar wall (arteriosclerosis) and abnormalities at points where arterioles and venules cross. Manifestations of these changes include ''Copper wire arterioles'' where the central light reflex occupies most of the width of the arteriole and ''Silver wire arterioles'' where the central light reflex occupies all of the width of the arteriole, and "arterio-venular (AV) nicking" or "AV nipping", due to venous constriction and banking. * advanced retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages and/or fla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Elschnig
Anton Elschnig (22 August 1863 – 1939) was an ophthalmologist born in Leibnitz, Austria. In 1886, he received his medical doctorate at the University of Graz, and later worked as an assistant at ophthalmology clinics in Graz and Vienna. In 1892 he obtained his habilitation at Graz, and from 1907 to 1933 was a full professor and head of the eye clinic at the University of Prague. He is best known for performing corneal transplants in the early days of keratoplasty, being credited with developing a method introduced by Arthur von Hippel (1841-1916). (bibliography) Elschnig described this surgical procedure in the "Archives of Ophthalmology" (1930, 4: 165–173). He was the publisher of the second and third editions of the Graefe- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infarct
Infarction is tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area. It may be caused by artery blockages, rupture, mechanical compression, or vasoconstriction. The resulting lesion is referred to as an infarct (from the Latin ''infarctus'', "stuffed into"). Causes Infarction occurs as a result of prolonged ischemia, which is the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to an area of tissue due to a disruption in blood supply. The blood vessel supplying the affected area of tissue may be blocked due to an obstruction in the vessel (e.g., an arterial embolus, thrombus, or atherosclerotic plaque), compressed by something outside of the vessel causing it to narrow (e.g., tumor, volvulus, or hernia), ruptured by trauma causing a loss of blood pressure downstream of the rupture, or vasoconstricted, which is the narrowing of the blood vessel by contraction of the muscle wall rather than an external force (e.g., cocaine vasoconstriction leading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
