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Ella Aquino
Ella Pierre Aquino (September 20, 1902 – 1988) was a Lummi-Yakama-Puyallup civil rights activist and community organizer who was a matriarch of the Native American community in Seattle. She advocated on behalf of foster children and co-founded the American Indian Women's Service League in 1958. She published the ''Indian Center News'' and served as editor and columnist for the ''Northwest Indian News''. Aquino was one of the key organizers of the occupation of Fort Lawton in 1970, which led to the establishment of the Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Discovery Park. She was the subject of the 1987 documentary ''Princess of the Pow Wow''. Early life and education Ella Claudia Pierre was born in Puyallup, Washington, on September 20, 1902, one of 12 children. Her father August Pierre was Lummi and her mother Annie was Yakama and Puyallup. Her grandfather had signed the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliott, when he was given the name Jack Pierre. Ella was sent to Indian boarding schools, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lummi People
The Lummi (' or ') are a Central Coast Salish people Indigenous to western Washington, namely parts of the San Juan Islands and the mainland near what is now Bellingham, Washington. Name and etymology There are two names that are used by the Lummi to describe themselves: ' and '. The name "Lummi" is an anglicization of one of the Lummi endonyms, '. ' is spelled several ways, including ' and '. The name is said to be derived from ', the name of a Lummi longhouse at Gooseberry Point, meaning "L-shaped." The name possibly came to refer to the Lummi as a people after the Lummi concentrated around that area in the 19th century. The name in English has been recorded many ways. The first attested recording was in 1824, as Lummie. Other spellings include Lummi, Nuglummi, Holumma, Whullumy, Wholerneils, Whellamay, and Noohlummi. Classification The Lummi are a Central Coast Salish people. The Central Coast Salish are a group of culturally related peoples in the Salish Sea, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Rights
In Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States the term treaty rights specifically refers to rights for indigenous peoples enumerated in treaties with settler societies that arose from European colonization. Exactly who is indigenous is understood differently across these countries, and not all indigenous groups have signed treaties. Therefore the concept of "treaty rights" operates very different in context. no such treaties exist in Australia, and the discussion of treaty rights there is speculative, based on future agreements that ''may'' be signed. For the other English-speaking settler countries, well-established legal regimes decide who is eligible for what legal protections based on treaties. Treaty rights of one kind or another apply to most Alaska Natives and Native Americans in the United States and many but not all First Nations in Canada. The concept of treaty rights also applies to a smaller number of Inuit and Metis in Canada, who have entered into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Foundation
The United Nations Foundation is a charitable organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., that supports the United Nations and its activities. It was established in 1998 with a $1billion gift to the United Nations by philanthropist Ted Turner, who believed the UN was crucial for addressing the world's problems. Originally primarily a grantmaker, the UN Foundation has evolved into a strategic partner to the UN, mobilizing support to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and help the UN address issues such as climate change, global health, gender equality, human rights, data and technology, peace, and humanitarian responses. The UN Foundation's main work occurs through building public-private partnerships, communities, initiatives, campaigns, and alliances to broaden support for the UN and solve global problems. The UN Foundation has helped build awareness and advocate for action on, among others, antimicrobial resistance, regional action on climate change, local im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Centro De La Raza
El Centro de la Raza in Seattle, Washington Seattle ( ) is the List of municipalities in Washington, most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the List of Unit ..., United States, is an educational, cultural, and social service agency, centered in the Hispanic and Latino Americans, Latino/Chicano community and headquartered in the former Beacon Hill Elementary School on Seattle's Beacon Hill, Seattle, Washington, Beacon Hill. It was founded in 1972 and continues to serve clients in Seattle, King County, Washington, King County and beyond. It is considered a significant part of civil rights history in the Pacific Northwest. History In the early 1960s thousands of Latinos in Seattle, nearly all of whom were seeking employment, found themselves lacking a traditional community center: a ''barrio'', with a Latin American-style plaza. In early 1972, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after Guatemala and Honduras. Nicaragua is bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean and shares maritime borders with El Salvador to the west and Colombia to the east. The country's largest city and national capital is Managua, the List of largest cities in Central America#Largest cities proper, fourth-largest city in Central America, with a population of 1,055,247 as of 2020. Nicaragua is known as "the breadbasket of Central America" due to having the most fertile soil and arable land in all of Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European, and African heritage. The country's most spoken language is Spanish language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kateri Tekakwitha
Kateri Tekakwitha ( in Mohawk), given the name Tekakwitha, baptized as Catherine ("Kateri" in Mohawk), and informally known as Lily of the Mohawks (1656 – April 17, 1680), is a Mohawk/ Algonquin Catholic saint and virgin. Born in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon, in present-day New York, she contracted smallpox in an epidemic; her family died and her face was scarred. She converted to Catholicism at age 19. She took a vow of perpetual virginity, left her village, and moved for the remaining five years of her life to the Jesuit mission village of Kahnawake, just south of Montreal. She was beatified in 1980 by Pope John Paul II and canonized by Pope Benedict XVI at Saint Peter's Basilica on 21 October 2012. Early life and education ''Tekakwitha'' is the given name she received by her native Mohawk people. It translates to "She who bumps into things." She was born around 1656 in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon in northeastern New York state. She was the daughter of Kenneronkw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Educational Development
The General Educational Development (GED) tests are a group of four academic subject tests in the United States and its territories certifying academic knowledge equivalent to a high school diploma. This certification is an alternative to the U.S. high school diploma, as is HiSET. Passing the GED test gives those who do not complete high school, or who do not meet requirements for high school diploma, the opportunity to earn a Certificate of High School Equivalency or similarly titled credential. GED Testing Service is a joint venture of the American Council on Education, which started the GED program in 1942. The American Council on Education, in Washington, D.C. (U.S.), which owns the GED trademark, coined the initialism to identify "tests of general equivalency development" that measure proficiency in science, mathematics, social studies, reading, and writing. The GED Testing Service website does not refer to the test as anything but "GED". It is called the GED in the majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Indians Of All Tribes
United Indians of All Tribes (also known as the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation, or UIATF) is a non-profit foundation that provides social and educational services to Native Americans in the Seattle metropolitan area and aims to promote the well being of the Native American community of the area. The organization is based at the Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Seattle, Washington's Discovery Park. UIATF has an annual budget of approximately $4.5 million as of 2013. History of Native Americans in the Seattle area Many tribes historically inhabited the Seattle area and, to a greater extent, the surrounding Puget Sound area, because of the rich resources of food and fish. Major groups of local contemporary native peoples or tribes include the Suquamish, Duwamish, Nisqually, Snoqualmie, and Muckleshoot (Ilalkoamish, Stuckamish, and Skopamish) tribes. Many Alaskan Natives and Native Americans from the Inland Northwest have also come to live in Seattle. As a result, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Guard (United States)
The National Guard is a U.S. state, state-based military force that becomes part of the United States Armed Forces, U.S. military's reserve components of the United States Armed Forces, reserve components of the United States Army, U.S. Army and the United States Air Force, U.S. Air Force when activated for federal missions.National Guard: FAQ . United States National Guard. Accessed February 2, 2022. It is a military reserve force composed of National Guard military members or units of each state, the territories of Guam National Guard, Guam, the Virgin Islands National Guard, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico National Guard, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia National Guard, District of Columbia, for a total of 54 separate organizations. It is officially created under United States Congress, Cong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramona Bennett
Ramona Bennett (born August 23, 1938)is an American Puyallup leader and activist who was involved in the 1960s and 1970s Fish Wars of the US Pacific Northwest and in tribal sovereignty. Early life and education Bennett was born in Seattle, Washington. She is also descended maternally from the Swinomish and Yakima. She was born to Archie and Gertrude ( McKinney) Church in Seattle but shortly after her birth her family moved to Bremerton, Washington, where her father worked in naval shipyards and was a labor activist. Bennett indicated her White father was racist, despite his marriage to her mother; her mother fiercely instilled knowledge of and pride in her Indigenous heritage. Bennett earned a bachelor's degree in liberal arts from Evergreen State College and a master's degree in education from the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma. Political involvement and activism Bennett worked at the Seattle Indian Center in the early 1960s, and she became involved with several comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernie Whitebear
Bernie Whitebear (September 27, 1937 – July 16, 2000), birth name Bernard Reyes, was an American Indian activist in Seattle, Washington, a co-founder of the Seattle Indian Health Board (SIHB), the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation, and the Daybreak Star Cultural Center, established on 20 acres of land acquired for urban Indians in the city. Youth He was born Bernard Reyes to Mary Christian ( Sin Aikst, now known as Lakes tribe, one of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) and Julian Reyes, a Filipino who largely assimilated to an Indian way of life. Born in the Colville Indian Hospital in Nespelem, Washington, the young Reyes was named "Bernard" after a great-uncle (brother of his maternal grandmother), Chief James Bernard, a Sin Aikst leader in the early 20th century. Around 1970, as Reyes became an activist, he changed his name to honor his mother's father, Alex Christian, known as ''Pic Ah Kelowna'' (White Grizzly Bear). His early childhood was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Alcatraz
The Occupation of Alcatraz (November 20, 1969 – June 11, 1971) was a 19-month long occupation of Alcatraz Island and its prison complex, then classified as abandoned surplus federal land, by 89 American Indians and their supporters. The occupation was led by Richard Oakes, LaNada Means, and others, while John Trudell served as spokesman. The group lived on the island together until the occupation was forcibly ended by the U.S. government. The protest group chose the name Indians of All Tribes (IAT) for themselves. IAT claimed that, under the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) between the U.S. and the Lakota tribe, all retired, abandoned, or out-of-use federal land was to be returned to the Indigenous peoples who once occupied it. As Alcatraz penitentiary had been closed on March 21, 1963, and the island had been declared surplus federal property in 1964, a number of Red Power activists felt that the island qualified for a reclamation by Indians. The Occupation of Alcatraz had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
