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Eliyahu Temler
Eliyahu Tamler (simetimes rendered as Temler, ; August 25, 1919 – April 29, 1948) was Romanian Zionist and senior commander in the Irgun underground paramilitary group (also known as Etzel), who fought in the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine. Biography Eliyahu Tamler was born in 1919 in Zastavna, Kingdom of Romania (in present-day Ukraine), as Eduard Samuel Tamler, to Abraham and Sabina Tamler. His father died when he was 13 years old. He studied at a school in his hometown and at a gymnasium in the neighboring city of Cernăuți. His father was a Zionist activist. Eliyahu enrolled at the University of Cernăuți, but didn't graduate. In 1939, he immigrated to Eretz Israel, then Mandate Palestine, as an immigrant on the ship Parita, which sailed from the port of Constanța on July 12, carrying 857 Beitar activists, and after 42 days it arrived at the coast of Tel Aviv. Upon his arrival, Tamler joined the Beitar groups operating in Mandate Palestine. He later be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgun
The Irgun (), officially the National Military Organization in the Land of Israel, often abbreviated as Etzel or IZL (), was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the older and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. The Irgun policy was based on what was then called Revisionist Zionism founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Two of the most infamous operations for which the Irgun were known; the bombing of the British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946 and the Deir Yassin massacre that killed at least 107 Palestinian Arab villagers, including women and children, carried out with Lehi on 9 April 1948. The organization committed acts of terrorism against Palestinian Arabs, as well as against the British authorities, who were regarded as illegal occupiers. In particular the Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, British, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( or , ; ), sometimes rendered as Tel Aviv-Jaffa, and usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a population of 495,600, it is the economic and technological center of the country and a global high tech hub. If East Jerusalem is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second-most-populous city, after Jerusalem; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city, ahead of West Jerusalem. Tel Aviv is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, headed by Mayor Ron Huldai, and is home to most of Israel's foreign embassies. It is a beta+ world city and is ranked 53rd in the 2022 Global Financial Centres Index. Tel Aviv has the third- or fourth-largest economy and the largest economy per capita in the Middle East. Tel Aviv is ranked the 4th top global startup ecosystem hub. The city currently has the highest cost of living in the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moshe Barazani
Moshe Barazani, also Barzani (; June 14, 1926 – April 21, 1947) was an Iraqi-born Kurdish Jew and a member of Lehi ("Freedom Fighters of Israel," aka the "Stern Gang") underground movement in pre-state Mandate Palestine during the Jewish insurgency in Palestine. He is most notable for having died by suicide with a hand grenade together with Meir Feinstein, another Jewish underground fighter under sentence of death, shortly before their scheduled executions, and is memorialized in Israel today as one of the Olei Hagardom. Early life Barazani was born in Baghdad to a Kurdish Jewish family from Barzan. The family moved to Jerusalem when he was six. At an early age, he began working, initially as a carpenter's apprentice, and then in a soft drinks factory. Underground activity Barazani joined Lehi at an early age, following in the footsteps of his brother. Initially, he was a member of Lehi's youth division and posted propaganda leaflets, but later joined the fighting force. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haaretz
''Haaretz'' (; originally ''Ḥadshot Haaretz'' – , , ) is an List of newspapers in Israel, Israeli newspaper. It was founded in 1918, making it the longest running newspaper currently in print in Israel. The paper is published in Hebrew language, Hebrew and English language, English in the Berliner (format), Berliner format, and is also available online. In North America, it is published as a weekly newspaper, combining articles from the Friday edition with a roundup from the rest of the week. ''Haaretz'' is Israel's newspaper of record. It is known for its Left-wing politics, left-wing and Liberalism in Israel, liberal stances on domestic and foreign issues. ''Haaretz'' has the third-largest Print circulation, circulation in Israel. It is widely read by international observers, especially in its English edition, and discussed in the international press. According to the Center for Research Libraries, among Israel's daily newspapers, "''Haaretz'' is considered the most infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martyrdom Operations
A suicide attack (also known by a wide variety of other names, see below) is a deliberate attack in which the perpetrators knowingly sacrifice their own lives as part of the attack. These attacks are a form of murder–suicide that is often associated with terrorism or war. When the attackers are labelled as terrorists, the attacks are sometimes referred to as an act of ''"suicide terrorism"''. While generally not inherently regulated under international law, suicide attacks in their execution often violate international laws of war, such as prohibitions against perfidy and targeting civilians. Suicide attacks have occurred in various contexts, ranging from military campaigns—such as the Japanese pilots during World War II —to more contemporary Islamic terrorist campaigns—including the September 11 attacks in 2001. Initially, these attacks primarily targeted military, police, and public officials. This approach continued with groups like al-Qaeda, which combined ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Museum Of Underground Prisoners
Museum of Underground Prisoners is a museum in Jerusalem, commemorating the activity of the Jewish underground—Haganah, Irgun and Lehi (group), Lehi—during the period leading up the establishment of the State of Israel. History of the building Russian pilgrims hostel The museum is located on Mish'ol HaGvura Street in one building of the Russian Compound. The building was erected as a hostel for Christians, Christian pilgrims towards the end of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman period, when the European powers sought to strengthen their hold on Palestine (region), Palestine. The Russian Compound, built outside the Old City, included a church, a hospital, and pilgrim hostels for men and women. The inscription "Marianskya women's hostel" can be seen in Russian above the entrance. British Mandate prison In 1917, the British conquered Palestine from the Ottoman Turks. The Mandate for Palestine, British Mandatory authorities transformed the Russian Compound into a British secu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Night Of The Trains
The Night of the Trains (or Operation Party) was a sabotage operation of the British railways in Palestine (" Palestine Railways") on November 1, 1945. The operation was one of the first carried out by the Jewish Resistance Movement, before its official establishment, and symbolized its founding. Operation During the operation Palmach units sabotaged a network of railways around the country and blew up three British guard boats in Jaffa port and in Haifa, and a combined Irgun– Lehi unit attacked Lydda railway station, which is the key junction between the Haifa – El Kantara main line and the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. An estimated 1,000 men were involved in the operations. Approximately fifty Palmach units, which included sappers and guard, severely damaged 153 points along the railway system in Mandate Palestine, primarily at railway junctions and bridges above them. The operations took place around 11:00 p.m., fully synchronized in order to prevent a British respo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lydda
Lod (, ), also known as Lydda () and Lidd (, or ), is a city southeast of Tel Aviv and northwest of Jerusalem in the Central District of Israel. It is situated between the lower Shephelah on the east and the coastal plain on the west. The city had a population of in 2019. Lod has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic period. It is mentioned a few times in the Hebrew Bible and in the New Testament. Between the 5th century BCE and up until the late Roman period, it was a prominent center for Jewish scholarship and trade. Around 200 CE, the city became a Roman colony and was renamed (). Tradition identifies Lod as the 4th century martyrdom site of Saint George; the Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr located in the city is believed to have housed his remains. Following the Arab conquest of the Levant, Lod served as the capital of Jund Filastin; however, a few decades later, the seat of power was transferred to Ramla, and Lod slipped in importance. Under Crus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solel Boneh
Solel Boneh (, lit. ''Paving and Building'') is the oldest, and one of the largest, construction and civil engineering companies in Israel. History During British rule (1921–1948) Solel Boneh was founded in 1921 in British-ruled Palestine, during the first conference of the Jewish trade union, the General Histadrut, under the name of Batz (), an acronym of ''Binyan veAvodot Tziburiot'' (, lit. ''Construction and Public Works''). Its first project was to pave a road from Tiberias to Samakh, which is now part of Highway 90. The company was founded as a cooperative organisation in the spirit of socialist workers' groups. In 1923 it was declared bankrupt partly due to its supplementing wages to Jewish workers. It was resurrected by the Histadrut and the World Zionist Organization as a company named "Solel Boneh", based on the organisation but managed as a business corporation. Solel Boneh had an integral role in major building activities in Mandate Palestine. Among other p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarafand Al-Amar
Sarafand al-Ammar () was a Palestinian people, Palestinian Arab village situated on the coastal plain of Palestine (region), Palestine, about northwest of Ramla. It had a population of 1,950 in 1945 and a land area of 13,267 dunams. In December 1918, the village's adult male population was Surafend affair, killed by New Zealand forces in the aftermath of the Sinai and Palestine campaign, in an illegal retribution for the killing of a New Zealand soldier. It was then depopulated entirely during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.Khalidi, 1992, p. 411 Today it is part of the Israeli area of Tzrifin. Etymology Sarafand or Sarafend (Ṣarafand / صرفند) is an Arabic rendition of the Phoenicia, Phoenician Toponymy, place-name *Ṣrpt. Al-Ammar means "the built, inhabited". History Ottoman period Sarafand al-Amar was also known as Sarafand al-Kubra ("the larger Sarafand") to distinguish it from its nearby sister village, Sarafand al-Sughra ("the smaller Sarafand"). In 1596, Sarafa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve personnel and 4,697 "other personnel", for a total of 108,413. The British Army traces back to 1707 and the Acts of Union 1707, formation of the united Kingdom of Great Britain which joined the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland into a Political union, single state and, with that, united the English Army and the Scots Army as the British Army. The Parliament of England, English Bill of Rights 1689 and Convention of the Estates, Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689 require parliamentary consent for the Crown to maintain a peacetime standing army. Members of the British Army swear allegiance to the Charles III, monarch as their commander-in-chief. The army is administered by the Ministry of Defence (United Kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migdal Tzedek
Migdal Afek (), also Migdal Tsedek (Tzedek, Zedek; ), is a national park on the southeastern edge of Rosh HaAyin, Israel. The ruins of a fortified manor house built by a sheikh during the 19th century, among which remains of the Crusader castle of Mirabel can be seen, are today known in Hebrew as Migdal Afek or Migdal Tsedek. Abstract sehere(accessed 6 Nov 2024). Download availablat Academia.edu It is the site of the depopulated Palestinian village of Majdal Yaba. Etymology Migdal Aphek (; Ancient Greek: ''Αφεχού πύργος'', 'Aphek Pyrgos') means 'Tower of Aphek' in both those languages. Migdal Tsedek means "Tower of Sadek" in Hebrew, referring to the name of Sheikh Sadek al-Rayyan. History The walled Jewish settlement of Migdal Aphek or Afek stood at the site as early as the second century BCE, and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War in 67 CE. From a Byzantine-period church, a lintel set over a stone-built doorway survives, bearing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
