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Elixjohnia
''Elixjohnia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia. Taxonomy ''Elixjohnia'' was circumscribed in 2017 by Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Jur in 2017, with '' Elixjohnia jackelixii'' assigned as the type species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the genus is in the large '' Sirenophila''-'' Teloschistopsis''-''Halophila'' subclade of the subfamily Teloschistoideae (family Teloschistaceae). The genus name honours Australian chemist and lichenologist John A. ("Jack") Elix. The existence and phylogenetic structure of the genus was corroborated by molecular work published by Wilk and colleagues in 2021. Description ''Elixjohnia'' is characterised by a thallus that is typically , presenting initial appearances of brownish or a dirty greenish yellow in sterile circles. These circles can be dull, smooth, and continuous in their peripheral zones, or may lack any zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elixjohnia Bermaguiana
''Elixjohnia bermaguiana'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying , which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia (fruiting bodies) are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown . Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Beares Beach in the Bermagui township (New South Wales), where it was found growing on rock in sandy outcrops. The species epithet refers to the type locality. Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur transferred it to the genus ''Elixjohnia'' in 2017. Description The thallus of ''Elixjohnia bermaguiana'' is characterised by that range from very thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elixjohnia Gallowayi
''Elixjohnia gallowayi'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Rex Filson. The type specimen was collected by the second author from west of Wynyard on Boat Harbour Beach in Tasmania, where it is locally abundant on coastal rocks. The authors initially classified it in the genus '' Caloplaca''. The species epithet honours David J. Galloway. In 2013, Ulrik Søchting and colleagues proposed a transfer to the genus '' Sirenophila''. The species was finally moved to genus ''Elixjohnia'' in 2017. Description ''Caloplaca gallowayi'' has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. This colouration remains consistent throughout the thallus, without any di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistaceae
The Teloschistaceae are a large family (biology), family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class (taxonomy), class Lecanoromycetes in the division (botany), division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate climate, temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either saxicolous lichen, live on rock or corticolous lichen, on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolousmeaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone biological pigment, pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Teloschistaceae lichens typically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirenophila
''Sirenophila'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species with an Australasian distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrik Frödén, with '' Sirenophila gintarasii'' assigned as the type species. The generic name ''Sirenophila'', which means "loving mermaids", alludes to the habitat preference this genus: seashore rocks in Australia and New Zealand. The authors included seven species in their original conception of the genus, but ''Sirenophila bermaguiana'', ''S. gallowayi'', and ''S. jackelixii'' have since been transferred to genus ''Elixjohnia'', while ''S. tomareeana'' is now in '' Tarasginia''. In 2024, '' Sirenophila macquariensis'' (previously known as ''Caloplaca maculata'' and ''Caloplaca macquariensis'') was recombined and transferred to this genus. Description ''Sirenophila'' lichens have a crustose thallus; sometimes the edge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingvar Kärnefelt
Jan Eric Ingvar Kärnefelt (born 1944) is a Swedish lichenologist. Early life and education Kärnefelt was born in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1944. His initial goal in his higher-level studies at University of Cologne in 1966–1967 was to become a dentist. He changed courses in 1968, turning instead to biology at the University of Gothenburg in 1968. Gunnar Degelius, his first teacher during undergraduate studies in botany in 1968, inspired him and others. After Degelius' retirement in 1969, Ingvar continued his studies at Lund University, where Hans Runemark held a position in systematic botany. In 1971 he met Ove Almborn, who became his supervisor. In 1979, he defended his thesis titled "The brown fruticose species of ''Cetraria''". The thesis was later awarded a prize for the best doctoral dissertation in botany at Lund University during a 5-year period by the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. Career Kärnefelt became associate professor at the Department of Systematic Botany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathematics), surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar Cross section (geometry), cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is Bounded set, bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular Rotational symmetry, axes of symmetry which intersect at a Central symmetry, center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal ax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medulla (lichenology) zone, but above the lower cortex.Galloway, D.J. (1992). Flora of Australia - ''Lichen Glossary'' The medulla generally has a cottony appearance. It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus. It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Substance
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing. Biosynthesis Most lichen products are biochemically synthesized via the acetyl-polymalonyl pathway (also known as polyketide pathway), while only a few originate from the mevalonate and shikimate biosynthetic pathways. Occurrence Lichen products accumulat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrometre
The micrometre (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-" = ); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, , or about ). The nearest smaller common SI Unit, SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (). The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cell (biology), cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to . Examples Between 1 μm and 10 μm: * 1–10 μm – length of a typical bacterium * 3–8 μm – width of str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
