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Eliska Vincent
Eliska Vincent (née Eliska Girard 1841–1914) was a Utopia, Utopian Socialism, socialist and militant Feminism, feminist in France. She argued that women had lost civil rights that existed in the Middle Ages, and these should be restored. In the late 1880s and 1890s she was one of the most influential of the Parisian feminists. She created extensive archives on the feminist movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries, but these have been lost. Early years Eliska Girard was born in Mézières-en-Drouais, Mézières, Eure-et-Loir, in 1841. Her father was an artisan. He was imprisoned for his participation as a Republican in the French Revolution of 1848. She joined the ''Société pour la Revendication du Droit des Femmes'' (Society for claiming women's rights), which first met in 1866 at André Léo's house. Other members were Maria Deraismes, Paule Mink, Louise Michel, Élie Reclus and Caroline de Barrau. The members had a range of views, but agreed to work on the common goal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mézières-en-Drouais
Mézières-en-Drouais is a Communes of France, commune in the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department and Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region of north-central France. It lies 32 km north of Chartres and some 70 km west of Paris. Population See also *Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department References Communes of Eure-et-Loir {{EureLoir-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aline Valette
Aline Valette (née Alphonsine Goudeman (5 October 1850 – 21 March 1899) was a French feminist and socialist. She believed that society should provide support to women engaged in motherhood, the most important of all occupations. Early years Alphonsine-Eulalie Goudeman was born in Lille on 5 October 1850. She was the daughter of a railroad worker, trained as a teacher, and was employed by a private school in the working-class district of Montmartre, Paris. From 1873 to 1878 she taught at a municipal vocational school for young girls at 26 rue Ganneron, and she then taught young girls at 12 rue Saint-Lazare until 1880. In 1878 at the founding congress of the teachers' union led by Marie Bonnevial she was elected secretary. She held this position until 1880. In 1880 Aline married M. Valette, a prosperous lawyer, and left work. She separated from her husband around 1885. While a single mother raising two sons, she wrote a handbook for homemakers that conveyed very traditional va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communards
The Communards () were members and supporters of the short-lived 1871 Paris Commune formed in the wake of the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. After the suppression of the Commune by the French Army in May 1871, 43,000 Communards were taken prisoner, and 6,500 to 7,500 fled abroad.Milza, 2009a, pp. 431–432 The number of Communard soldiers killed in combat or executed afterwards during the week has long been disputed— Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray put the number at 20,000, while estimates by more recent historians put the probable number between 10,000 and 15,000. 7,500 were jailed or deported under arrangements which continued until a general amnesty during the 1880s; this action by Adolphe Thiers forestalled the proto-communist movement in the French Third Republic (1871–1940). Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune The working class of Paris were feeling ostracized after the decadence of the Second Empire and the Franco-Prussian War. The Prussians be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léopold Lacour
Léopold Lacour (9 February 1854 – 1939) was an influential French teacher, sociologist, writer and feminist. Biography Léopold Lacour was born in 1854. He attended the ''École Normale Supérieure'' and graduated with distinction. He then taught history in several provincial schools. His last teaching post was at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris. He left teaching to become a full-time writer. His work included plays, criticism, sociology and history, including his major work ''Humanisme intégral'' (1896). He and Pierre Decourcelle made a play from Paul Bourget's ''Mensonges'', which was first performed on 18 April 1889. Léopold Lacour assisted with the 1896 International Feminist Congress in Paris, presided over by Marie Bonnevial, which discussed coeducation. There was much argument and little agreement. Marie Léopold-Lacour gave a presentation that outlined the state of mixed schools in Europe and gave a response to the opponents of coeducation. Many of the elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeanne Schmahl
Jeanne Elizabeth Schmahl (née Archer; 1846–1915) was a French feminist, born in Britain. She married a well-off husband who supported her while she worked as a midwife's assistant in Paris. She decided to avoid politics and religion and to focus on specific and practical feminist goals. She led a successful campaign to change the laws so women could legally bear witness and could control their own earnings. She launched the French Union for Women's Suffrage to campaign for the right of women to vote, but that was not achieved in her lifetime. Early years Jeanne Elizabeth Archer was born in Great Britain in 1846. Her father was English and her mother was French. Her father was a lieutenant in the British Navy. She studied medicine in Edinburgh, but was not able to complete her course. Sophia Jex-Blake was trying to open the profession to women but had not yet succeeded. Schmahl was a friend of Jex-Blake, and in contact with the feminist movement in England. She went to France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cécile Brunschvicg
Cécile Brunschvicg (), born Cécile Kahn (19 July 1877 in Enghien-les-Bains – 5 October 1946 in Neuilly-sur-Seine), was a French feminist politician. From the 1920s until her death she was regarded as "the ''grande dame'' of the feminist movement" in France. She was born into a Jewish middle-class, republican family. Her familial environment was not inclined to let women study, especially not when they were over 17. Already a "liberated" woman (for the time), it was her meeting, and subsequent marriage to, Léon Brunschvicg, a feminist philosopher and member of the Ligue des droits de l'homme, that spurred her to feminist activism; she became vice-president of the League of Electors for women's suffrage. The French Union for Women's Suffrage (UFSF: ''Union française pour le suffrage des femmes'') was founded by a group of feminists who had attended a national congress of French feminists in Paris in 1908, led by Jeanne Schmahl and Jane Misme. The UFSF provided a less mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Française Pour Le Suffrage Des Femmes
The French Union for Women's Suffrage (UFSF: ) was a French feminist organization formed in 1909 that fought for the right of women to vote, which was eventually granted in 1945. The Union took a moderate approach, advocating staged introduction of suffrage starting with local elections, and working with male allies in the Chamber of Deputies. Foundation The UFSF was founded by a group of feminists who had attended a national congress of French feminists in Paris in 1908. Most of them were from bourgeois or intellectual backgrounds. The leaders were Jane Misme (1865–1935), editor of '' La Française'', and Jeanne Schmahl (1846–1915). The UFSF provided a less militant and more widely acceptable alternative to the ''Suffrage des femmes'' organization of Hubertine Auclert (1848–1914). The sole objective, as published in ''La Française'' early in 1909, was to obtain women's suffrage through legal approaches. The founding meeting of 300 women was held in February 1909. Cécile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis
Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine (; literally "Audoin (bishop), St. Audoin on Seine") is a Communes of France, commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France, located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris. It is part of the Seine-Saint-Denis Department of France, department, in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region, and of the Métropole du Grand Paris. The commune was called Saint-Ouen until 2018, when it obtained a change of name by ministerial order. The communes neighbouring Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine are Paris, to the south, Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, to the west, Villeneuve-la-Garenne, Gennevilliers and L'Île-Saint-Denis, to the north, and Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis to the east. The commune of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine is part of the canton of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, which also includes L'Île-Saint-Denis and part of Épinay-sur-Seine. Saint-Ouen also includes the Cimetière de Saint-Ouen. History The town was named after Audoin (bishop), Saint Audoin, a famous 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council Of French Women
The National Council of French Women (, CNFF) is a society formed in 1901 to promote women's rights. The first members were mainly prosperous women who believed in using non-violent means to obtain rights by presenting the justice of the cause. Issues in the first half century included the right to vote, legal equality between husband and wife, paternal child support, social support for children, equal employment opportunity, equal pay for equal work and acquisition of citizenship on marriage. The National Council of French Women is affiliated with the International Council of Women (ICW). Now the oldest of French feminist organizations, it continues to work for causes related to the rights of women. Background The dignified and respectable Eliska Vincent (1841–1914) founded the feminist group "Equality of Asnières" in 1888, which engaged in a moderate form of activism for women's suffrage that drew support from bourgeois women. She succeeded Hubertine Auclert (1848–1914) as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clémence Royer
Clémence Royer (21 April 1830 – 6 February 1902) was a self-taught French scholar who lectured and wrote on economics, philosophy, science and feminism. She is best known for her controversial 1862 French translation of Charles Darwin's ''On the Origin of Species''. Early life Augustine-Clémence Audouard was born on 21 April 1830 in Nantes, Brittany, the only daughter of Augustin-René Royer and Joséphine-Gabrielle Audouard. When her parents married seven years later her name was changed to Clémence-Auguste Royer. Her mother was a seamstress from Nantes while her father came from Le Mans and was an army captain and a royalist legitimist. After the failure of a rebellion in 1832 to restore the Bourbon monarchy the family were forced to flee to Switzerland where they spent 4 years in exile before returning to Orléans. There her father gave himself up to the authorities and was tried for his part in the rebellion but was eventually acquitted. Royer was mainly educated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Martin
Maria (/mɝˈaɪə/ mah-RYE-uh) Martin Bachman (3 July 1796 – 27 December 1863) of Charleston, South Carolina, was an American watercolor Painting, painter and Technical illustration, scientific illustrator. She contributed many of the background paintings for John James Audubon's ''The Birds of America'' (1831–39) and ''Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America'' (1845–48). Bachman was the only woman of the three principal assistants that Audubon employed at the time. Early life Maria Martin Bachman was born July 6, 1796, in Charleston, South Carolina just two and half weeks after the “Great Fire of 1796” that destroyed many of the buildings and houses in the center of the city. Martin was the youngest of the four surviving children (Eliza, Harriet, and Jane) born to Jacob and Rebecca Martin, well-to-do Mantua (clothing), mantua makers that owned two houses with household slaves. Raised in a Lutheranism, Lutheran household, Maria Martin and her sisters were raised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
