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Eliade
Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago. One of the most influential scholars of religion of the 20th century and interpreter of religious experience, he established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day. His theory that ''hierophanies'' form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.Wendy Doniger, "Foreword to the 2004 Edition", Eliade, ''Shamanism'', p. xiii One of his most instrumental contributions to religious studies was his theory of ''eternal return'', which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but (at least in the minds of the religious) actually participate in them. Eliade's literary works belong to the fantastic and autobiographical genres. The best known are the novels '' Maitreyi'' ('La Nuit Bengali' or 'Bengal Nights', 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eternal Return (Eliade)
The "eternal return" is an idea for interpreting religious behavior proposed by the historian Mircea Eliade; it is the belief that through ritual practices (sometimes implicitly, but often explicitly) one is able to merge with or return to the "mythical age"—the actual time of one's myths. It should be distinguished from the philosophical concept of '' eternal return''. Sacred and profane According to Eliade, This concept had already been extensively formulated by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in 1912. The scholar Jack Goody posits that it may not be universal. This sharp distinction between the sacred and the profane is Eliade's trademark theory. According to Eliade, traditional man distinguishes two levels of existence: (1) the Sacred, and (2) the profane world. (Here "the Sacred" can be God, gods, mythical ancestors, or any other beings who established the world's structure.) To traditional man, things "acquire their reality, their identity, only to the exten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanul Adolescentului Miop
''Diary of a Short-Sighted Adolescent'' () is a novel by the Romanian writer Mircea Eliade. It is based on Eliade's time in high-school and tells the story of a precocious teenager with literary ambitions. The book was written in the 1920s when Eliade was still a teenager. It was discovered after the author's death and published in 1989 in Romania. An English translation was published in 2016 in the UK. It was followed by '' Gaudeamus'', written in 1928, which is based on Eliade's university time. ''Gaudeamus'' was published in English for the first time in April 2018 by Istros Books, translated by Christopher Bartholomew . Composition Eliade began to write the novel in 1921 under the title ''Jurnalul unui om sucit''. In 1923 it had taken the name ''Romanul unui om sucit'', until the final version was written in 1925 as ''Romanul adolescentului miop''. While he wrote the book, Eliade thought it was the first time a novel about adolescence was written by an actual adolescent. Publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hierophany
A hierophany is a manifestation of the sacred. The word is a formation of the Greek adjective ''hieros'' (, 'sacred, holy') and the verb ''phainein'' (φαίνειν, 'to reveal, to bring to light'). Mircea Eliade The word ''hierophany'' recurs frequently in the works of religious historian Mircea Eliade, who preferred the term to the more constrictive word ''theophany'', an appearance of a god. Eliade argues that religion is based on a sharp distinction between the Profanum#Sacred/profane, sacred and the profane. According to Eliade, for traditional man, myths describe "breakthroughs of the sacred (or the 'supernatural') into the World"—that is, hierophanies. In the hierophanies recorded in myth, the sacred appears in the form of ideal models (the actions and commandments of gods, heroes, etc.). By manifesting itself as an ideal model, the sacred gives the world value, direction, and purpose: "The manifestation of the sacred, ontologically founds the world." According to thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noaptea De Sânziene
''The Forbidden Forest'' (; ) is a 1955 novel by the Romanian writer Mircea Eliade. The story takes place between 1936 and 1948 in Bucharest and several other European cities, and follows a Romanian man who is on a spiritual quest while being torn between two women. The book was written between the years 1949 and 1954. It contains several elements and themes which also appear in the author's scholarly work, such as initiation rites and the division between sacred and profane time. Plot Stefan Viziru lives in Bucharest and works for the Romanian state. He lives with his wife Ioana and also has a mistress, Ileana, whom he met at a Midsummer celebration. Stefan is torn between his affection for both women and is at the same time on a spiritual quest. He wishes to discover a sacred time which stands independently from the historical time and the destructive developments in contemporary Europe. Stefan befriends several people who influence him. A philosophy teacher argues that Stefan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengal Nights (novel)
''La Nuit Bengali'' () is a 1933 Romanian novel written by the author and philosopher Mircea Eliade. It is a fictionalized account of the love story between Eliade, who was visiting India at the time, and the young Maitreyi Devi (protégée of the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, who became a famous writer herself). The novel was translated into Italian in 1945, German in 1948, Spanish in 1952, Bengali in 1988, Esperanto in 2007 (as ''Fraŭlino Maitreyi'' as part of the Serio Oriento-Okcidento), Catalan in 2011, Georgian in 2019, and Albanian in 2022. Its most famous translation is the one in French, published as ''La Nuit Bengali'' in 1950. For many years, Maitreyi Devi was not aware that the story had been published. After reading it, she wrote her own version of the relationship in 1974. Entitled '' Na Hanyate'', it was originally published in Bengali. It was published in English as ''It Does Not Die''. In fulfillment of a promise Eliade made to Maitreyi that his no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretul Doctorului Honigberger
''The Secret of Dr. Honigberger'' () is a 1940 novella by the Romanian writer Mircea Eliade. It centres on the search for a 19th-century physician named Johann Martin Honigberger, who disappeared in India while searching for the invisible kingdom Shambhala, as well as his early 20th-century biographer who has also disappeared. Honigberger was a real person, a physician and ethnographer who travelled in Asia in the 19th century. The novella was first published in Romania in 1940 together with Eliade's novella ''Nights at Serampore'', which also revolves around India and has similar supernatural elements. The two novellas were translated into English by William Ames Coates and published in 1970 as ''Two Tales of the Occult'', and in 1986 as ''Two Strange Tales''. A translation by Ana Cartianu was published in 1992 under the title ''Doctor Honigberger's Secret'', as part of the Eliade omnibus volume ''Mystic Stories''. See also * 1940 in literature * Romanian literature Romania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Without Youth (novella)
''Youth Without Youth'' () is a 1976 in literature, 1976 novella by Romanian author Mircea Eliade. It follows the life of Dominic Matei, an elderly Romanian intellectual who experiences a cataclysmic event that allows him to live a new life with startling intellectual capacity. In 2007, it was adapted into a film by Francis Ford Coppola, also titled ''Youth Without Youth (film), Youth Without Youth''. References External links Scholars of religion discuss ''Youth Without Youth'' 1976 short stories Romanian short stories Horror short stories 1970s novellas Romanian novellas Horror novellas 20th-century Romanian novels 1970s horror novels Novels set in Romania Works set in Bucharest Books about human intelligence Romanian novels adapted into films Horror novels adapted into films Works by Mircea Eliade {{1970s-novel-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domnișoara Christina
''Miss Christina'' () is a 1936 horror novella by the Romanian writer Mircea Eliade. It depicts a paranormal romance between a strigoi and a regular human. Plot The novella depicts the story of the attraction between a female strigoi—an undead human from Romanian folklore The folklore of Romania is the collection of traditions of the Romanians. A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors. First, the rural character of the Romania ...—and a young man who visits the house she haunts. Translation An English translation by Ana Cartianu was published in 1992 as part of the Eliade omnibus volume ''Mystic Stories''. Film adaptations The novella has been the basis for two Romanian film adaptations with the same title. References Romanian novellas Horror novellas 20th-century Romanian novels 1936 fantasy novels 1930s horror novels Romanian romance novels Dark fantasy novels Romantic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacred-profane Dichotomy
Profane, or profanity in religious use may refer to a lack of respect for things that are held to be sacred, which implies anything inspiring or deserving of reverence, as well as behaviour showing similar disrespect or causing religious offense. The word is also used in a neutral sense for things or people not related to the sacred; for example profane history, profane literature, etc. Adjective, 2 In this sense it is contrasted with "sacred", with meaning similar to "secular". The distinction between the sacred and the profane was considered by Émile Durkheim to be central to the social reality of human religion. Etymology The term ''profane'' originates from classical Latin ''profanus'', literally "before (outside) the temple", "pro" being outside and "fanum" being temple or sanctuary. It carried the meaning of either "desecrating what is holy" or "with a secular purpose" as early as the 1450s. Profanity represented secular indifference to religion or religious figures, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Studies
Religious studies, also known as religiology or the study of religion, is the study of religion from a historical or scientific perspective. There is no consensus on what qualifies as ''religion'' and definition of religion, its definition is highly contested. It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing empirical, historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives. While theology attempts to understand the Transcendence (religion), transcendent or supernatural according to traditional religious accounts, religious studies takes a more scientific and objective approach, independent of any particular religious viewpoint. Religious studies thus draws upon multiple academic disciplines and methodologies including Anthropology of religion, anthropology, Sociology of religion, sociology, Psychology of religion, psychology, Philosophy of religion, philosophy, and history of religion. Religious studies originated in Modern Europe, 19th-century Europe, when B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criterion (literary Society)
The Criterion Association was a cultural group that held conferences, symposia, artistic events, and exhibitions in Bucharest, Romania, from 1932 to 1934. It was not the only such cultural group in Bucharest at the time but it attracted the most attention. Although its membership comprised many of the most promising minds of the Young Generation (the 1927 Generation), the Criterion Association was not limited to the Young Generation and therefore those two groups are not interchangeable, as they so often mistakenly are taken to be. The association was a fruition of the Young Generation’s ambition.{{Cite book, last=Bejan, first=Cristina A., title=Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association, publisher=Palgrave Macmillan, year=2019, isbn=978-3-030-20164-7, location=Cham, Switzerland The association was founded by philosopher, critic, and cultural innovator Petru Comarnescu after he returned from completing his PhD at the University of Southern Californ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Religion
The history of religion is the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,200 years ago (3200 BCE). The Prehistoric religion, prehistory of religion involves the study of religious beliefs that existed prior to the advent of written records. One can also study comparative religious chronology through a timeline of religion, or the interrelationships and historical diversification of religious ideologies through the use of evolutionary philosophy and broad comparativism. Writing played a major role in standardizing religious texts regardless of time or location and making easier the memorization of prayers and divine rules. The concept of "religion" was formed in the 16th and 17th centuries. Sacred texts like the Bible, the Quran, and others did not have a word or even a concept of religion in the original languages and neither did the people or the cultures in which these sacred t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
