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Elephantine Papyri And Ostraca
The Elephantine Papyri and Ostraca consist of thousands of documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine and Aswan, which yielded hundreds of Papyrus, papyri and ostracon, ostraca in hieratic and Demotic (Egyptian), demotic Egyptian language, Egyptian, Aramaic language, Aramaic, Koine Greek, Latin and Coptic language, Coptic, spanning a period of 100 years in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. The documents include letters and legal contracts from family and other archives and are thus an invaluable source of knowledge for scholars of varied disciplines such as epistolography, law, society, religion, language, and onomastics. The Elephantine documents include letters and legal contracts from family and other archives: divorce documents, the manumission of enslaved people, and other business. The dry soil of Upper Egypt preserved the documents. Hundreds of these Elephantine papyri span 100 years, during the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. Legal documents and a cache of letters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papyrus Narrating The Story Of The Wise Chancellor Ahiqar
Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, ''Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'' or ''papyruses'') can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book. Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used History of the Mediterranean, throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets. History Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BCE.H. Idris Bell and T.C. Skeat, 1935"Papyrus and its uses"(British Museum pam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian peoples, Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the List of largest empires#Timeline of largest empires to date, largest empire by that point in history, spanning a total of . The empire spanned from the Balkans and ancient Egypt, Egypt in the west, most of West Asia, the majority of Central Asia to the northeast, and the Indus Basin, Indus Valley of South Asia to the southeast. Around the 7th century BC, the region of Persis in the southwestern portion of the Iranian plateau was settled by the Persians. From Persis, Cyrus rose and defeated the Medes, Median Empire as well as Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, marking the establishment of a new imperial polity under the Achaemenid dynasty. In the modern era, the Achaemenid Empire has been recognised for its imposition of a succ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum
The ("Corpus of Semitic Inscriptions", abbreviated CIS) is a collection of ancient inscriptions in Semitic languages produced since the end of 2nd millennium BC until the rise of Islam. It was published in Latin. In a note recovered after his death, Ernest Renan stated that: "Of all I have done, it is the Corpus I like the most." The first part was published in 1881, fourteen years after the beginning of the project. Renan justified the fourteen-year delay in the preface to the volume, pointing to the calamity of the Franco-Prussian war and the difficulties that arose in the printing the Phoenician characters, whose first engraving was proven incorrect in light of the inscriptions discovered subsequently. A smaller collection – ("Repertory of Semitic Epigraphy", abbreviated RES) – was subsequently created to present the Semitic inscriptions without delay and in a deliberately concise way as they became known, and was published in French rather than Latin. The was for the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin State Museums
The Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Berlin State Museums) are a group of institutions in Berlin, Germany, comprising seventeen museums in five clusters; several research institutes; libraries; and supporting facilities. They are overseen by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and funded by the German federal government in collaboration with Germany's federal states. The central complex on Museum Island was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1999. By 2007, the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin had grown into the largest complex of museums in Europe. The museum was originally founded by Frederick William III of Prussia, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia in 1823 as the Königliche Museen (Royal Museums). The director-general of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin is Floretine Dietrich. Museum locations Mitte (locality), Mitte * Museum Island ** Altes Museum: Greek and Roman Classical antiquities ** Alte Nationalgalerie: 19th-century sculptures and paintings * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turin
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po (river), River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill. The population of the city proper is 856,745 as of 2025, while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million. The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called "the cradle of Italian liberty" for having been the politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Museo Egizio
The Museo Egizio () or Egyptian Museum is an archaeological museum in Turin, Italy, specializing in Art of Ancient Egypt, Egyptian archaeology and anthropology. It houses List of museums of Egyptian antiquities, one of the largest collections of Art of Ancient Egypt, Egyptian antiquities, with more than 30,000 artifacts, and is considered the second most important Egyptological collection in the world, after the Egyptian Museum, Egyptian Museum of Cairo. In 2019, it received 853,320 visitors, making it one of the most visited museums in Italy. History The first object having an association with Egypt to arrive in Turin was the Bembine Tablet, Mensa Isiaca in 1630, an altar table in imitation of Egyptian style, which Dulu Jones suggests had been created for a temple to Isis in Rome. This exotic piece spurred King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Charles Emmanuel III to commission botanist Vitaliano Donati to travel to Egypt in 1753 and acquire items from its past. Donati retu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turin Aramaic Papyrus
The Turin Aramaic Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Taurinensis, is a fragment of an Aramaic papyrus found by Bernardino Drovetti in 1823–24. It is known as Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, CIS II 144 and Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt, TAD A5.3. Although it contains just two lines, it is notable as the first published Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, Aramaic inscription found in Egypt. It is held in Turin's Museo Egizio, with providence number 645. Publication and scholarly debate The first published reference was by Jean-François Champollion in June 1824,Wilhelm Gesenius, Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae, p.233-6: "Non sine magno strepitu hoc fragmentum folii papyracei litteris Phoeniciovel certe Semitico-Aegyptiacis impleti inter Aegyptios Musei Turinensis papyros anno 1823 vel 1824 repertum viris doctis in universa Europa per ephemerides annunciatum est (v. Journal Asiatique T. V pag. 20), primum ab Hamakero (Miscell. phoen. tab. 3 no. 3) ex apographo Roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musei Civici Di Padova
The Musei Civici di Padova or degli Eremitani is a complex of museums and historic sites, centered on the former convent of the Eremitani (Augustinian order), and its famous Cappella degli Scrovegni with its Giotto fresco masterpieces. The complex is located on Piazza Eremitani, at the edge of the historic center of Padua, region of Veneto, Italy. The complex includes halls of archaeological objects and – in the nearby Palazzo Zuckermann – a museum of modern and medieval applied art. History The original collection arose with the acquisition of works from suppressed ecclesiastical institutions, including in 1783 of the convent of San Giovanni da Verdara and in 1810 of many other institutions. In 1825, the abbot Giuseppe Furlanetto displayed his collection of Roman and Greek lapidary inscriptions in the logge del Palazzo della Ragione. The collection was expanded by the donation of 1864 by Leonardo Capodilista. Under the patron Andrea Gloria, this collection and other wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padua Aramaic Papyri
The Padua Aramaic papyri are a group of three Aramaic papyri thought to be from the 400s BCE, found in a collection of antiquities in the Italian city of Padua. The papyri are unprovenanced, but are thought to have been from Elephantine, which would make them the first Elephantine papyri and ostraca to have been discovered (although published much later than most). They were acquired by Giovanni Belzoni in c.1815, together with a demotic letter; Belzoni presented them to the Musei Civici di Padova in 1819. They were first published in 1936 by Luigi Gaudenzio in a group of unrelated documents; they first received scholarly attention after their 1960 publication by Edda Bresciani. They are currently in the Musei Civici di Padova, and are also known as TSSI II 28 and TAD A3.3-3.4. They are considered to form part of the corpus of Elephantine papyri and ostraca The Elephantine Papyri and Ostraca consist of thousands of documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardino Drovetti
Bernardino Michele Maria Drovetti (January 7, 1776 – March 5, 1852) was an Italian antiquities looter, diplomat, and politician. He is best remembered for having acquired the Turin Royal Canon and for his questionable behavior in collecting ancient Egyptian antiquities., p. 90 Biography Born in Barbania, a ''comune'' near Turin in the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, Drovetti later obtained French nationality and joined the French army, eventually rising to the rank of '' Chef d'escadron''. As an official, during the French campaign in Egypt (1798–99) he distinguished himself by saving the life of Joachim Murat, and later he became the French Consul-General of Egypt during both the Empire (until 1814) and the Bourbon Restoration, between 1820 and 1829. He also earned Wāli Muhammad Ali's trust and had a role in some of the latter's administrative reforms. In 1820, he was awarded the title of '' Chevalier dans l'Ordre de la Legion d'Honneur''. During his stay in E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Belzoni
Giovanni Battista Belzoni (; 5 November 1778 – 3 December 1823), sometimes known as The Great Belzoni, was a prolific Italian explorer and pioneer archaeologist of Egyptian antiquities. He is known for his removal to England of the seven-tonne bust of Ramesses II, the clearing of sand from the entrance of the great temple at Abu Simbel, the discovery and documentation of the tomb of Seti I (still sometimes known as "Belzoni's Tomb"), including the sarcophagus of Seti I, and the first to penetrate into the Pyramid of Khafre, the second pyramid of the Giza complex. Early life Belzoni was born in Padua. His father was a barber who sired fourteen children. His family was from Rome and when Belzoni was 16 he went to work there, saying that he studied hydraulics. He intended on taking monastic vows, but in 1798 the occupation of the city by French troops drove him from Rome and changed his proposed career. In 1800 he moved to the Batavian Republic (now Netherlands) where he ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carte De L'Égypte (Description De L'Égypte)
The ''Carte de l'Égypte'' (), from the ''Description de l'Égypte'', was the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The mapmaking expedition was led by Pierre Jacotin. It was used as the basis for many maps of the region for much of the nineteenth century. It was originally prepared during the 1799-1800 French campaign in Egypt and Syria The French invasion of Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was a military expedition led by Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolutionary Wars. The campaign aimed to undermine British trade routes, expand French influence, and establish a .... Despite the maps being dated 1818 and 1826, they were not published until 1828–30.Khatib, 2003, p211/ref> The maps can be seen in detail at Wikimedia Commons: Carte topographique de l'Égypte. Editions and related documents * First edition: * Second edition: * MemoirMémoire sur la construction de la carte de l'Egypte par M. Jacotin* Supplementary tablesJacotin, M.: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
