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Electricity Sector In Russia
Russia is the fourth largest generator and consumer of electricity in the world. Its 440 power stations have a combined installed generation capacity of 220 GW. Russia has a single synchronous electrical grid encompassing much of the country. The Russian electric grid links over of power lines, of which are high voltage cables over 220 kV. Electricity generation is based largely on gas (46%), coal (18%), hydro (18%), and nuclear (17%) power. 60% of thermal generation (gas and coal) is from combined heat and power plants. Russia operates 31 nuclear power reactors in 10 locations, with an installed capacity of 21 GW. Despite considerable geothermal and wind resources, this accounts for less than one percent. History Tsarist period The electric power industry first developed in Russia under the Tsarist regime. The industry was highly regulated particularly by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This led to co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia Electricity Production
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOELRO Plan
GOELRO () was the first of Soviet Russia's plans for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (). The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in the central importance of electrification to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement: Foundation The commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920, in accordance with February 3, 1920, VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development. The director of the commission was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including Genrikh Graftio, Ivan Alexandrov, Mikhail Shatelen and others. By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "Russian SFSR Electrification Plan" (), that was approved subsequently by the 8th Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter RAO UES
Joint Stock Company Inter RAO UES (, short form: Inter RAO), traded as, is a diversified energy holding company headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Its business includes power and heat generation, electricity supply, international energy trading, engineering, design and development of electric power infrastructure. In addition to its assets in Russia it controls several energy companies outside Russia including thermal and hydro power plants, grid operators and energy traders. It holds a monopoly on the export and import of electricity in Russia. Inter RAO is one of the largest Russian public energy companies by market capitalization which exceeded US$10.5 billion at the end of 2011. In fiscal year 2011 the company reported a revenue of USD 18.24 bn (versus USD 15.28 bn in 2010) and net income of $1.41 billion (vs $614 million in 2010). At the end of 2011, Inter RAO Group had more than 47,000 employees. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 89 billion rubles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RusHydro
RusHydro (previous name: Hydro-OGK, ) is a Russian hydroelectricity company. As of early 2012 it had a capacity of 34.9 gigawatts. In late 2009, it was the world's second-largest hydroelectric power producer and is the country's largest power-generating company and the largest successor to RAO UES. The conglomerate, which is partly government-owned, underwent a major consolidation beginning in July 2007. , the head of the company was Evgeny Dod. Its head office is in Obruchevsky District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 190 billion rubles. Major power plants * Bureya Dam * Volga Hydroelectric Station * Votkinsk Hydroelectric Station *Dagestan Branch * Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station *Zagorskaya PSHPP * Zeya Dam *Irganayskaya HPP *Kabardino-Balkarian Branch *Kamskaya HPP *Karachaevo-Cherkessian Branch *Cascade of Verkhnevolzhskiye HPPs *Cascade of Kubanskiye HPPs *Nizhegorodskaya HPP *Novosibirskaya HPP * Saratov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAO UES
OAO RAO UES (OAO Unified Energy System of Russia; or ) was an electric power holding company in Russia. It controlled about 70% of Russia's installed electric capacity, 96% of its high-voltage grid and over 70% of its transmission lines. In addition to the Russian market, RAO UES exported electricity to Scandinavia and to other members of the CIS. The last head of RAO UES was Anatoly Chubais. History Unified Energy System of Russia was established by Presidential Decree #932, signed on August 15, 1992, as an electric energy holding company. Most of the state-owned electric energy assets, such as thermal and hydroelectric power plants, transmission lines, state-owned shares in power, research & engineering, and construction companies were transferred to RAO UES, with the exception of any assets related to nuclear energy. In total, RAO UES owned more than 70 of the energy companies and more than 40 of the power plants with federal-level importance. It also owned the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Line 1150 KV
Power may refer to: Common meanings * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power, a type of energy * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events Mathematics, science and technology Computing * IBM POWER (software), an IBM operating system enhancement package * IBM POWER architecture, a RISC instruction set architecture * Power ISA, a RISC instruction set architecture derived from PowerPC * IBM Power microprocessors, made by IBM, which implement those RISC architectures * Power.org, a predecessor to the OpenPOWER Foundation Mathematics * Exponentiation, "''x'' to the power of ''y''" * Power function * Power of a point * Statistical power Physics * Magnification, the factor by which an optical system enlarges an image * Optical power, the degree to which a lens converges or diverges light Social sciences and politics * Economic power, encompassing several concepts that economists use, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekibastuz–Kokshetau High-voltage Line
The Ekibastuz–Kokshetau high-voltage line is an alternating current electrical power transmission line in Kazakhstan from Ekibastuz to Kokshetau. It was the first commercially used power line in the world which operated at 1,150 kV, the highest transmission line voltage in the world. It is a part of the Itatsk ( Sharypovo)–Barnaul–Ekibastuz–Kokshetau–Kostanay–Chelyabinsk (Siberia–Kazakhstan–Urals) transmission system, which was designed to transfer electricity from Siberia and Kazakhstan to industrial regions in the Urals. Designated as power line number 1101, it runs from Ekibastuz to Kokshetau. It is mounted on transmission towers with an average height of . The weight of the conductors between the spans is approximately 50 tons. With a voltage of 1,150 kV, the line had a maximum transfer capacity of 5,500 MW. The whole length of the Siberia–Kazakhstan–Urals line is , of which is located in Kazakhstan and the rest is loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (; ) was built in the " Science City" of Obninsk,Nuclear Engineering International: Obninsk - number one, by Lev Kotchetkov , who was there at the time. Source for most of the information in this article. , about southwest of , . Connected to the |
World War II Reparations
After World War II, both the Federal Republic and Democratic Republic of Germany were obliged to pay war reparations to the Allied governments, according to the Potsdam Conference. Other Axis nations were obliged to pay war reparations according to the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. Austria was not included in any of these treaties. Payments According to the Yalta Conference, no reparations to Allied countries would be paid in money (though that rule was not followed in later agreements). Instead, much of the value transferred consisted of German industrial assets as well as forced labour to the Allies. The Allied demands were further outlined during the Potsdam Conference. Reparations were to be directly paid to the four victor powers (France, United Kingdom, United States, and the Soviet Union); for the countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, the Soviet Union would determine its distribution. To coordinate the distribution of the reparations between the victor powers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Line Yerevan-Sevan
Power may refer to: Common meanings * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power, a type of energy * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events Mathematics, science and technology Computing * IBM POWER (software), an IBM operating system enhancement package * IBM POWER architecture, a RISC instruction set architecture * Power ISA, a RISC instruction set architecture derived from PowerPC * IBM Power microprocessors, made by IBM, which implement those RISC architectures * Power.org, a predecessor to the OpenPOWER Foundation Mathematics * Exponentiation, "''x'' to the power of ''y''" * Power function * Power of a point * Statistical power Physics * Magnification, the factor by which an optical system enlarges an image * Optical power, the degree to which a lens converges or diverges light Social sciences and politics * Economic power, encompassing several concepts that economists use, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
