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Electoral Act 1993
The Electoral Act 1993 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament for regulating elections in New Zealand. It "establishes the electoral agencies, electoral system, election processes (including that for disputing results), how MPs are replaced between elections, registration processes for political parties and logos, enrolment and electoral roll requirements, and provides for the Māori Electoral option, and the Representation Commission." One such agency is the Electoral Commission which is responsible, among other things, for the administration of parliamentary elections and referendums. The Electoral Act forms part of the constitution of New Zealand. The regulations made under the Act contain most of New Zealand's electoral legislation. The Act defined mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation for use in the 1993 electoral referendum, and it established MMP as the electoral system for the 1996 general election. See also *Broadcasting Standards Authority The Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Parliament
The New Zealand Parliament () is the unicameral legislature of New Zealand, consisting of the Monarchy of New Zealand, Sovereign and the New Zealand House of Representatives. The King is usually represented by his Governor-General of New Zealand, governor-general. Before 1951, there was an upper chamber, the New Zealand Legislative Council. The New Zealand Parliament was established in 1854 and is one of the oldest continuously functioning legislatures in the world. It has met in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, since 1865 and in its Parliament House, Wellington, current building since 1922. The House of Representatives normally consists of 120 members of Parliament (MPs), though sometimes more due to overhang seats. There are 72 MPs elected directly in New Zealand electorates, electorates while the remainder of seats are assigned to list MPs based on each List of political parties in New Zealand, party's share of the total party vote. Māori people, Māori were represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 New Zealand Electoral Reform Referendum
An electoral reform referendum on whether to replace the first-past-the-post voting system with mixed-member proportional representation was held in New Zealand on Saturday, 6 November 1993, in conjunction with that year's general election A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from By-election, by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. Gener .... The "Yes" side prevailed with 53.86% of the vote. References {{reflist Referendums in New Zealand 1993 referendums Elections in New Zealand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 In New Zealand Law
The General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its calendar advanced 24 hours to the Eastern Hemisphere side of the International Date Line, skipping August 21, 1993. Events January * January 1 ** Czechoslovakia ceases to exist, as the Czech Republic and Slovakia separate in the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia. ** The European Economic Community eliminates trade barriers and creates a European single market. ** International Radio and Television Organization ceases. * January 3 – In Moscow, Presidents George H. W. Bush (United States) and Boris Yeltsin (Russia) sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. * January 5 ** US$7.4 million is stolen from the Brink's Armored Car Depot in Rochester, New York, in the fifth largest robbery in U.S. history. ** , a Liberian-registered oil tanker, runs aground off the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Act 1986
The Constitution Act 1986 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament that forms a major part of the constitution of New Zealand. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles of governance, and establishes the powers of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of state. It outlines the roles and duties of the monarch, the governor-general, ministers and judges. The Act repealed and replaced the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 and the Statute of Westminster, and removed the ability of the British Parliament to pass laws for New Zealand with the consent of the New Zealand Parliament. Background 1984 constitutional crisis After the 1984 election there was an awkward transfer of power from the outgoing Third National government to the new Fourth Labour government in the midst of a financial crisis. Outgoing Prime Minister Sir Robert Muldoon was unwilling initially to accept instructions from incoming Prime Minister David Lange to devalue the curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 New Zealand Election Funding Controversy
The 2005 New Zealand election funding controversy occurred in the aftermath of the 2005 New Zealand general election. Under New Zealand's political system, parties may only spend, during the 90 days before the election, up to a certain amount on campaigning (excluding broadcasting). They must raise that money from their own sources. Other funds are available through the Parliamentary Service to Members of Parliament for "parliamentary purposes", which may include advertising but not "electioneering material". Following the 2005 election, there was widespread debate as most parties had breached either election or parliamentary spending rules in some respect. Election spending allegations Labour Labour and five other political parties were investigated for alleged breaches of election spending rules relating to the 2005 election. The Electoral Commission, the independent body charged with supervising compliance with campaign rules, referred the Labour Party to the police after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadcasting Standards Authority
The Broadcasting Standards Authority (; abbreviated BSA) is a New Zealand Crown entity created by the Broadcasting Act 1989 to develop and uphold standards of broadcasting for radio, free-to-air and pay television. The main functions of the BSA are: * Oversight and development of the broadcasting standards system. * Complaints determination. * Education and engagement. The BSA is made up of a board appointed for a fixed term by the Governor-General on the advice of the Minister of Broadcasting and Media, meaning that practically the Minister (and Cabinet) appoint the board. The chair is always a barrister or solicitor A solicitor is a lawyer who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions. A person must have legally defined qualifications, which vary from one jurisdiction to another, to be described as a solicitor and enabled to p .... One member is appointed after consultation with broadcasters and one after consultation with public interes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 New Zealand General Election
The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was significant for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections. Under the new MMP system, 65 members were elected in single-member districts by first-past-the-post voting (including five Māori electorates), while a further 55 "top-up" members were allocated from closed lists to achieve a proportional distribution based on each party's share of the nationwide party vote. 1996 saw the National Party, led by Jim Bolger, retain its position in government, but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition. New Zealand First won 17 seats—including sweeping every single Māori electorate, all of which had been dominated by the Labour Party since the Second World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral System Of New Zealand
The New Zealand parliamentary electoral system has been based on the principle of Mixed-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional (MMP) since the 1996 New Zealand general election, 1996 election. MMP was introduced following a referendum in 1993 New Zealand voting method referendum#1993 electoral referendum, 1993. It replaced the First-past-the-post electoral system, first-past-the-post (FPP) system New Zealand had previously used for most of its history. Under the MMP system, New Zealanders have two secret ballot votes to elect members of New Zealand Parliament, Parliament (MPs). The first vote is for a candidate from an New Zealand electorates, electorate, a geographic electoral district. The second is the party vote for the List of political parties in New Zealand, political party the voter wants to form the government. The timing of Elections in New Zealand, elections is governed by the Constitution Act 1986 and political conventions. Generally, parliament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed-member Proportional
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory tier with party lists, in a way that produces proportional representation overall. Like proportional representation, MMP is not a single system, but a principle and goal of several similar systems. Some systems designed to achieve proportionality are still called mixed-member proportional, even if they generally fall short of full proportionality. In this case, they provide semi-proportional representation. In typical MMP systems, voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party, but some countries use single vote variants. Seats in the legislature are filled first by the successful constituency candidates, and second, by party candidates based on the percentage of nationwide or region-wide votes that each party r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadcasting Act 1989
The Broadcasting Act 1989 creates a system of broadcasting standards and the Broadcasting Commission to fund public broadcasting and New Zealand independent producers. It established the Broadcasting Standards Authority which oversees the broadcasting standards regime in New Zealand. It is an independent Crown entity and therefore the New Zealand Government cannot directly influence its work although it can provide high-level guidance. The act also establishes NZ On Air, formally the Broadcasting Commission, which funds public broadcasting and independent media production in New Zealand. NZ On Air was originally created to encourage payment of the Public Broadcasting Fee, which was abolished in 1999. Since then, the commission has received its funding directly from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Part 6 sets out the law covering election advertising on radio and television by parties and electorate candidates, the allocation of time and money to political parties for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of The Prime Minister And Cabinet (New Zealand)
The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC; ) is the central public service department of New Zealand, charged with providing support and advice to the Governor-General of New Zealand, governor-general, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, prime minister and Ministers in the New Zealand Government, members of the Cabinet of New Zealand. The department is also charged with centrally leading New Zealand's "national security planning, which includes Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management (New Zealand), civil defence." The department's overall area of responsibility is in helping to provide, at an administrative level, the "constitutional and institutional glue" within New Zealand's parliamentary democracy. The department along with the Public Service Commission (New Zealand), Public Service Commission, and the New Zealand Treasury, Treasury constitute the central agencies or public service departments leading the State sector organisations in New Zealand, state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of New Zealand
The constitution of New Zealand is the sum of law of New Zealand, laws and principles that determine the political governance of New Zealand. Unlike many other nations, New Zealand has no single constitutional document. It is an uncodified constitution, sometimes referred to as an "unwritten constitution", although the New Zealand constitution is in fact an amalgamation of codification (law), written and unwritten sources. The Constitution Act 1986 has a central role, alongside a collection of other Lists of statutes of New Zealand, statutes, orders in Council, Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand, letters patent, decisions of the Judiciary of New Zealand, courts, principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, and unwritten traditions and Constitutional convention (political custom), conventions. There is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and law considered "constitutional law"; no law is accorded basic norm, higher status. In most cases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
