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Eleanor Riese
Eleanor Riese (September 4, 1943 - April 6, 1991) was an American patient who sued a hospital for her right to refuse antipsychotic medication. The court decision significantly changed the approach to psychiatric patients. Biography Riese was diagnosed with schizophrenia when she was 25 years old. Lawsuit In 1985, Riese led a class-action lawsuit against the St. Mary's Hospital in San Francisco. Her lawyers argued that during her stay there Riese developed symptoms caused by antipsychotic medication she did not consent to. The lawsuit was highly remarkable for its time, and it quickly went national, attracting the attention of advocacy groups and organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association and the American Psychological Association. Finally, in 1987, California Court of Appeals in a unanimous ruling about ''Riese v. St. Mary’s Hospital and Medical Center'' suit decided that antipsychotic medications "may not be prescribed to involuntarily committed mental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their names, that vary between British English, British and American English. "Brackets", without further qualification, are in British English the ... marks and in American English the ... marks. Other symbols are repurposed as brackets in specialist contexts, such as International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters, those used by linguists. Brackets are typically deployed in symmetric pairs, and an individual bracket may be identified as a "left" or "right" bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. In casual writing and in technical fields such as computing or linguistic analysis of grammar, brackets ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frances Farmer
Frances Elena Farmer (September 19, 1913August 1, 1970) was an American actress. She appeared in over a dozen feature films over the course of her career, though she garnered notoriety for sensationalized accounts of her life, especially her involuntary commitment to psychiatric hospitals and subsequent mental health struggles. A native of Seattle, Washington, Farmer began acting in stage productions while a student at the University of Washington. After graduating, she began performing in stock theater before signing a film contract with Paramount Pictures on her 22nd birthday in September 1935. She made her film debut in the B film '' Too Many Parents'' (1936), followed by another B picture, '' Border Flight'', before being given the lead role opposite Bing Crosby in the musical Western '' Rhythm on the Range'' (1936). Unhappy with the opportunities the studio gave her, Farmer returned to stock theater in 1937 before being cast in the original Broadway production of Clifford ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People With Schizophrenia
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mental Health Law
Mental health law includes a wide variety of legal topics and pertain to people with a diagnosis or possible diagnosis of a mental health condition, and to those involved in managing or treating such people. Laws that relate to mental health include: *employment laws, including laws that prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of a mental health condition, require reasonable accommodations in the workplace, and provide mental health-related leave; *insurance laws, including laws governing mental health coverage by medical insurance plans, disability insurance, workers compensation, and Social Security Disability Insurance; *housing laws, including housing discrimination and zoning; *education laws, including laws that prohibit discrimination, and laws that require reasonable accommodations, equal access to programs and services, and free appropriate public education; *laws that provide a right to treatment; * involuntary commitment and guardianship laws; *laws gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controversies About Psychiatry
Psychiatry is, and has historically been, viewed as controversial by those under its care, as well as sociologists and psychiatrists themselves. There are a variety of reasons cited for this controversy, including the subjectivity of diagnosis, the use of diagnosis and treatment for social and political control including detaining citizens and treating them without consent, the side effects of treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy, antipsychotics and historical procedures like the lobotomy and other forms of psychosurgery or insulin shock therapy, and the history of racism within the profession in the United States. In addition, there are a number of groups who are either critical towards psychiatry or entirely hostile to the field. The Critical Psychiatry Network is a group of psychiatrists who are critical of psychiatry. Additionally, there are self-described psychiatric survivor groups such as MindFreedom International and religious groups such as Scientology and psychia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patient Abuse
Patient abuse or patient neglect is any action or failure to act which causes unreasonable suffering, misery or harm to the patient. Elder abuse is classified as patient abuse of those older than 60 and forms a large proportion of patient abuse. *''Abuse'' includes physical abuse, physically striking or sexual assault, sexually assaulting a patient. It also includes the intentional withholding of necessary food, physical care, and medical attention. *''Neglect'' includes the failure to properly attend to the needs and care of a patient, or the unintentional causing of injury to a patient, whether by act or omission. Patient abuse and neglect may occur in settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and during home-based care. Health professionals who abuse patients may be deemed Fitness to practise, unfit to practice and have their medical license removed as well as facing criminal charges as well as Tort, civil cases. Abuse amongst the general adult population has not been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Involuntary Treatment
Involuntary treatment or mandatory treatment refers to medical treatment undertaken without the consent of the person being treated. Involuntary treatment is permitted by law in some countries when overseen by the judiciary through court orders; other countries defer directly to the medical opinions of doctors. Some countries have general legislation allowing for any treatment deemed necessary if an individual is unable to consent to a treatment due to a perceived lack of Mental capacity in England and Wales, capacity, other legislation may specifically deal with involuntary psychiatric treatment of individuals who have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Psychiatric treatment normally happens in a psychiatric hospital after some form of involuntary commitment, though individuals may be compelled to undergo treatment outside of hospitals via outpatient commitment. The diagnosis of mental disorders can be carried out by some form clinical practitioner, or in some cases law en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanterman–Petris–Short Act
The Lanterman–Petris–Short (LPS) ActChapter 1667of the 1967 California Statutes, codified aCal. Welf & Inst. Code sec. 5000 et seq.) regulates involuntary civil commitment to a mental health institution in the state of California. The act set the precedent for modern mental health commitment procedures in the United States. The bipartisan bill was co-authored by California State Assemblyman Frank D. Lanterman (R) and California State Senators Nicholas C. Petris (D) and Alan Short (D), and signed into law in 1967 by Governor Ronald Reagan. The Act went into full effect on July 1, 1972. It cited seven articles of intent: *To end the inappropriate, indefinite, and involuntary commitment of mentally disordered persons, people with developmental disabilities, and persons impaired by chronic alcoholism, and to eliminate legal disabilities; *To provide prompt evaluation and treatment of persons with serious mental disorders or impaired by chronic alcoholism; *To guarantee and protec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nellie Bly
Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (born Elizabeth Jane Cochran; May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist who was widely known for her record-breaking circumnavigation, trip around the world in 72 days in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and for an Exposé (journalism), exposé in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within. She pioneered her field and launched a new kind of Immersion journalism, investigative journalism. Early life Elizabeth Jane Cochran was born May 5, 1864, in Cochran's Mills, now part of Burrell Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. Her father, Michael Cochran, born about 1810, started as a laborer and mill worker before buying the local mill and most of the land surrounding his family farmhouse. He later became a merchant, postmaster, and associate justice at Cochran's Mills (named after him) in Pennsylvania. Michael married twice. He had 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bille August
Bille August (; born 9 November 1948) is a Danish director, screenwriter, and cinematographer of film and television. August's 1987 film ''Pelle the Conqueror'' won the , Academy Awards, Academy Award and Golden Globe Awards, Golden Globe Award. He is one of only ten directors to win the twice, winning the award again in 1992 for ''The Best Intentions'', based on the autobiographical script by Ingmar Bergman. His filmography includes ''The House of the Spirits (film), The House of the Spirits'', based on the novel by Isabel Allende; ''Smilla's Sense of Snow (film), Smilla's Sense of Snow''; ''Les Misérables (1998 film), Les Misérables''; ''Night Train to Lisbon (film), Night Train to Lisbon'', ''Silent Heart'', ''The Chinese Widow'' and ''A Fortunate Man''. He has received five Robert Awards (including Bodil Award for Best Danish Film, Best Film and Robert Award for Best Director, Best Director) and three Bodil Awards for Bodil Award for Best Danish Film, Best Danish Film. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Francisco, California
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of 2024, San Francisco is the List of California cities by population, fourth-most populous city in the U.S. state of California and the List of United States cities by population, 17th-most populous in the United States. San Francisco has a land area of at the upper end of the San Francisco Peninsula and is the County statistics of the United States, fifth-most densely populated U.S. county. Among U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco is ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income as of 2023. San Francisco anchors the Metropolitan statistical area#United States, 13th-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with almost 4.6 million residents in 2023. The larger San Francisco Bay Area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
55 Steps
''55 Steps'' is a 2017 German-Belgian drama film directed by Bille August and starring Helena Bonham Carter, Hilary Swank, and Jeffrey Tambor. The film is based on the true story of Eleanor Riese. Premise The story is about a woman committed to a mental health facility. Prior to 1987, it was assumed that the Lanterman–Petris–Short Act allowed involuntary treatment for those who were detained under an initial three-day hold (for evaluation and treatment) and a subsequent fourteen-day hospitalization (for those patients declared after the three-day hold to be dangerous to themselves or others or gravely disabled). In 1987, in ''Riese v. St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center'', the California State Court of Appeals declared that these patients had the right to exercise informed consent regarding the use of antipsychotic drugs, except in an emergency, and if they rejected medication "a judicial determination of their incapacity to make treatment decisions" was required before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
