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Eilenodontinae
Eilenodontinae are an extinct clade of reptiles belonging to Sphenodontia. They are either considered a subgroup of Opisthodontia, or Sphenodontidae. They had deep jaws with broad, closely packed teeth with thick enamel and noticeable wear facets. They were likely herbivorous, and probably chewed with a proal (forward stroke) movement, with food shredded between the edges of opposing sharp-edged wear facets. Members of the group are known from South America, North America and Europe. The earliest known member of the group, '' Sphenotitan'', is known from the Late Triassic of South America. while the youngest members are known from the Late Cretaceous of South America. The group contains some of the largest known sphenodontians, with '' Priosphenodon'' suggested to be the largest known non aquatic sphenodontian, with an estimated body length of over . References {{Taxonbar, from=Q24141413 Rhynchocephalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenodontidae
Sphenodontidae is a family within the reptile group Rhynchocephalia, comprising taxa most closely related to the living tuatara (''Sphenodon punctatus''). Historically the taxa included within Sphenodontidae have varied greatly between analyses, and the group has lacked a formal definition. '' Cynosphenodon'' from the Jurassic of Mexico has consistently been recovered as a close relative of the tuatara in most analyses, with the clade containing the two and other very close relatives of the tuatara often called Sphenodontinae. The herbivorous Eilenodontinae, otherwise considered part of Opisthodontia, is considered to be part of this family in many recent studies as the sister group to Sphenodontinae. The earliest sphenodontines are known from the Early Jurassic of North America, with other remains known from the Late Jurassic of Europe, the Late Cretaceous and possibly Paleocene of South America and the Miocene-recent of New Zealand. Sphenodontines are characterised by a comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthodontia (reptile)
Opisthodontia is a proposed clade of sphenodontian reptiles, uniting '' Opisthias'' from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe and North America with the Eilenodontinae, a group of herbivorous sphenodontians known from the Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous. Description Teeth and diet Like other sphenodonts, opisthodonts had acrodont teeth which grew directly from the bone. They had one row of teeth on the lower jaw and two rows on the roof of the mouth. When processing food, their mandibular teeth would have slid between the outer (maxillary) teeth and inner (palatine) teeth. Some opisthodonts, such as '' Sphenotitan'', also had clusters of small teeth on the pterygoid at the center of the mouth roof. Opisthodont teeth were wide, numerous, and tightly-packed for grinding and shredding tough plant matter. Although wide shredding teeth are also known in a few other sphenodontians, such as ''Clevosaurus'' and '' Pelecymala'', the most diverse and long-lasting group of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priosphenodon
''Priosphenodon'' is an extinct, large herbiviorous eilenodontine rhynchocephalian known from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Turonian) of Argentina. It is one of the largest known sphenodontians. Taxonomy The type species of ''Priosphenodon, P. avelasi'', was described in 2003 from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) aged Candeleros Formation of Argentina. In 2014, a second smaller species, ''P. minimus'' was described from the same formation, though from an earlier unit suggested to be Early Cretaceous (Albian) in age. Other authors have disputed the use of the genus ''Priosphenodon'', with some authors treating ''P. avelasi'' and ''P. minimus'' as members of the previously named genus ''Kaikaifilusaurus'' instead. Description With some individuals reaching over in total length, ''Priosphenodon avelasi'' is the largest known terrestrial sphenodontian. The skull is around long. The front of the upper jaw has a large beak-like structure probably formed from fused teeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eilenodon
''Eilenodon'' is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America,Foster, J. (2007). "Table 2.1: Fossil Vertebrates of the Morrison Formation." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 58-59. present in stratigraphic zone 4.Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329. The only known species of this genus is ''Eilenodon robustus''. It was a member of a group of rhynchocephalians called the eilenodontines, which were large, herbivorous members of Rhynchocephalia, the order of reptiles which contains the modern tuatara (''Sphenodon''). The generic name "''Eilenodon''" is Greek for "packed teeth", in reference to its closely packed teeth. The specific name, "''robustus''", refers to the strong build of the jaws. Description ''Eilenodon robustus'' is the typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaikaifilusaurus
''Kaikaifilusaurus'' is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalians in the family Sphenodontidae from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Fossils of the genus were found in Cenomanian sediments of the Candeleros Formation and Turonian layers of the Huincul Formation, both of the Neuquén Basin and the Albian strata of the Cerro Barcino Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, all in Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains two species, ''K. minimus'' and the type species ''K. calvoi''.''Kaikaifilusaurus'' at Fossilworks.org Etymology The genus name ''Kaikaifilusaurus'' is derived from the Greek language, Greek ''sauros'', meaning "lizard" and ''Kaikaifilu'', coming from Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche people, Mapuche. In their cosmology, Kai-Kai filú is the almighty giant r ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagosphenos
''Patagosphenos'' is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Cretaceous Huincul Formation The Huincul Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian, Early Turonian) age of the Neuquén Basin that outcrops in the Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Rio Negro Province, Río Negro and Neuquén Provinces of northern ... of Argentina. It contains a single species, ''Patagosphenos watuku''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q109826948 Cretaceous Argentina Rhynchocephalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenotitan
''Sphenotitan'' is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile, known from the Late Triassic (Norian) Quebrada del Barro Formation The Quebrada del Barro Formation is a geological formation of the Marayes-El Carrizal Basin in San Juan Province, Argentina. This formation is the most fossiliferous portion of the Triassic Marayes Group, and is also the youngest unit of the gr ... of Argentina. It is the earliest known member of the herbivorous Elienodontinae, and the only one known from the Triassic. It was a large-sized sphenodontian, with an estimated skull length of over . The skull is roughly triangular in shape, and had large upper temporal fenestrae. The region of the skull in front of the eye socket (preoribital region) is short. The premaxillae form a beak, with a cutting edge similar to a chisel. The teeth of ''Sphenotitan'', like other elienodontines, were large and wide, and designed for shredding vegetation, with blade-like palatal teeth on the roof of the mouth. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxolophosaurus
''Toxolophosaurus'' was a sphenodont which lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous. The first specimen, consisting of a pair of lower jaws, was found by George Cloud and described by Everett C. Olson in 1960 in the Kootenai Formation of Montana, 223.75 feet above the base of the Kootenai. Olson originally classified ''Toxolophosaurus'' as a member of the family Trilophosauridae, which was a group of primitive lizard-like reptiles which lived during the Triassic Period, although he provided no reasons for this decision. In 1981, ''Toxolophosaurus'' was reassigned to the family Sphenodontidae, on the basis that the specimens were more similar to ''Sphenodon'' than to members of Trilophosauridae. This classification was confirmed in 1985 by Michael Benton. It is closely related to ''Priosphenodon'' and ''Eilenodon''. In addition to the specimen recovered from Montana, numerous sphenodont fossils which have been ascribed to ''Toxolophosaurus'' have also been found within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthias
''Opisthias'' is a genus of sphenodont reptile. The type species, ''Opisthias rarus'', is known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of western North America. Distribution ''Opisthias'' is primarily known from remains found in the Late Jurassic of the United States, with remains found in the Morrison Formation (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming), present in stratigraphic zones 2 and 4–6. Other remains suggested to be closely related to ''Opisthias'' are also known from the Late Jurassic Alcobaça Formation of Portugal. An undescribed crushed skull (DINO 16454) from the Morrison Formation has been attributed to this genus by some sources, though this has been strongly disputed by others. A lower jaw is also known from the Berriasian aged Lulworth Formation of the United Kingdom, which appears to be distinct from the type North American species. A fragmentary dentary possibly attributable to ''Opisthias'' is also known from the Berriasian aged Angeac-Charente bonebed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraserosphenodon
''Fraserosphenodon'' is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch a ... of the United Kingdom. It contains a single species, ''Fraserosphenodon latidens''. References {{Sphenodontia Prehistoric reptile genera Rhynchocephalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
