Edmund Pullar

*</plaintext></div> <script src="/js/AdvertTop1.js"> </script> <center> </center> <br> <center> <form id="newForm" target="_top" method="post" action="/php/HTMLGet.php"> <input type="text" name="FindGo" style=" width:410; px;height:40px; font-size:14pt;"> <input type="submit" value="Find" style=" width:80 px;height:40px; font-size:14pt;"> </form> </center> <br> <font size=1>     <br> <div class="list-text" id="list-text"> <table style="width:100%"> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/E/Edmund_Pullar.html" title="Click for more on -> Edmund Pullar"> <span><br><div><script src="/js/AdvertListPict.js"></script></div><br></span> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/E/Edmund_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Edmund Pullar</a></b></big></big><br> Edmund Pullar DL JP (26 October 1848–8 May 1926) was a 19th-century Scottish businessman and philanthropist. He ran the Bridge of Allan branch of the family firm of J & J Pullar Ltd later known as Pullars of Perth. Life He was born at 36 Mill Street in Perth on 26 October 1848, the youngest son of cloth manufacturer John Pullar (1803–1878) and his wife, Mary Walker. Around 1870 he moved to Bridge of Allan with his brother Laurence Pullar to run the huge Keirfield Manufacturing Works on the south side of the town. Some time after 1885 he purchased the house of Westerton in Bridge of Allan. It had been built in 1803 by Dr John Henderson of the East India Company and in 1853 passed to General Sir James Edward Alexander. In the First World War he served as a Major (probably of the local Territorial Force). Aged 65 at the war's outbreak, he did not see active service but probably knew many of the men sent to fight. In 1919 he donated a memorial plaque to Bridge of Allan ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/E/Edmund_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/E/Edmund_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Edmund_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Edmund_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/T/Territorial_Force.html" title="Click for more on -> Territorial Force"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Central_London_Rangers%2C_1896.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Territorial Force" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_London_Rangers,_1896.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/T/Territorial_Force.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Territorial Force</a></b></big></big><br> The Territorial Force was a part-time volunteer component of the British Army, created in 1908 to augment British land forces without resorting to conscription. The new organisation consolidated the 19th-century Volunteer Force and yeomanry into a unified auxiliary, commanded by the War Office and administered by local County Territorial Associations. The Territorial Force was designed to reinforce the regular army in expeditionary operations abroad, but because of political opposition it was assigned to home defence. Members were liable for service anywhere in the UK and could not be compelled to serve overseas. In the first two months of the First World War, territorials volunteered for foreign service in significant numbers, allowing territorial units to be deployed abroad. They saw their first action on the Western Front during the initial German offensive of 1914, and the force filled the gap between the near destruction of the regular army that year and the arrival of ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/T/Territorial_Force.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/T/Territorial_Force.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_Force" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Territorial_Force" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Territorial_Force" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/P/People_From_Perth,_Scotland.html" title="Click for more on -> People From Perth, Scotland"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Paul_Klee_WI_(In_Memoriam)_1938.jpg" title="Click for more on -> People From Perth, Scotland" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_Klee_WI_(In_Memoriam)_1938.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/P/People_From_Perth,_Scotland.html" style="text-decoration:none;">People From Perth, Scotland</a></b></big></big><br> A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form " people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural f ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/P/People_From_Perth,_Scotland.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/P/People_From_Perth,_Scotland.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_From_Perth,_Scotland" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=People_From_Perth,_Scotland" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=People_From_Perth,_Scotland" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1926_Deaths.html" title="Click for more on -> 1926 Deaths"> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1926_Deaths.html" style="text-decoration:none;">1926 Deaths</a></b></big></big><br> Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * '' Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle. * "Nineteen", a song by Bad4Good from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' * "Nineteen", a song by Karma to Burn from the 2001 album ''Almost Heathen''. * "Nineteen" (song), a 2007 song by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. * "Nineteen", a song by Tegan and Sara from the 2007 album '' The Con''. * "XIX" (song), a 2014 song by S ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1926_Deaths.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/1/1926_Deaths.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Deaths" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=1926_Deaths" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=1926_Deaths" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1848_Births.html" title="Click for more on -> 1848 Births"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg" title="Click for more on -> 1848 Births" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Texas.svg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1848_Births.html" style="text-decoration:none;">1848 Births</a></b></big></big><br> 1848 is historically famous for the Revolutions of 1848, wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more classical liberalism, liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the political and philosophical landscape and had major ramifications throughout the rest of the century. Ereignisblatt aus den revolutionären Märztagen 18.-19. März 1848 mit einer Barrikadenszene aus der Breiten Strasse, Berlin 01.jpg, Cheering German revolutions of 1848–49, revolutionaries in Berlin, on March 19, 1848, with the new flag of Germany Lar9 philippo 001z.jpg, French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced King Louis-Philippe to abdicate Zeitgenössige Lithografie der Nationalversammlung in der Paulskirche.jpg, Frankfurt Parliament, German National Assembly's meeting in St. Paul's Church Pákozdi csata.jpg, Battle of Pákozd in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Events January ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/1/1848_Births.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/1/1848_Births.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_Births" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=1848_Births" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=1848_Births" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/C/Chrystal_Macmillan.html" title="Click for more on -> Chrystal Macmillan"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Macmillan_at_the_Hague_1915.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Chrystal Macmillan" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Macmillan_at_the_Hague_1915.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/C/Chrystal_Macmillan.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Chrystal Macmillan</a></b></big></big><br> Jessie Chrystal Macmillan (13 June 1872 – 21 September 1937) was a suffragist, peace activist, barrister, feminist and the first female science graduate from the University of Edinburgh as well as that institution's first female honours graduate in mathematics. She was an activist for women's right to vote, and for other women's causes. She was the second woman to plead a case before the House of Lords, and was one of the founders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In the first year of World War I, Macmillan spoke for the peace-seeking women of the United Kingdom at the International Congress of Women, a women's congress convened at The Hague. The Congress elected five delegates to take their message to political leaders in Europe and the United States. She travelled to the neutral states of Northern Europe and Russia before meeting up with other delegates in the U.S. She met with world leaders such as President Woodrow Wilson, whose countries were st ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/C/Chrystal_Macmillan.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/C/Chrystal_Macmillan.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrystal_Macmillan" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Chrystal_Macmillan" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Chrystal_Macmillan" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/F/Frederick_Pullar.html" title="Click for more on -> Frederick Pullar"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Airthrey_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1225666.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Frederick Pullar" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Airthrey_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1225666.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/F/Frederick_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Frederick Pullar</a></b></big></big><br> Frederick Pattison Pullar FRSE FRGS FRSGS (20 January 1875–16 February 1901) was a 19th century Scottish meteorologist who served as Sir John Murray's right-hand for his short career. He is often referred to simply as Fred Pullar. Life He was born in Bridge of Allan near Stirling on 20 January 1875 the son of the industrialist Laurence Pullar and his wife, Ellen Ferguson Pattison. He was educated at Stanley House School at Bridge of Allan then at the High School in Stirling. He then attended the West of Scotland Technical College in Glasgow. Around 1893 he entered the family firm of Pullars of Perth founded by his grandfather, John Pullar, in the 1820s. In 1897 Frederick's father Laurence Pullar commissioned his friend, Sir John Murray to undertake an entire survey of all Scottish fresh water lochs. This was on condition that Sir John employed his then 22 year old son Frederick to assist in the task. However, Frederick, although having no formal university training, ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/F/Frederick_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/F/Frederick_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Frederick_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Frederick_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/J/James_Pullar.html" title="Click for more on -> James Pullar"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Shop_sign_for_Pullars_of_Perth%2C_Perth_Museum.jpg" title="Click for more on -> James Pullar" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shop_sign_for_Pullars_of_Perth,_Perth_Museum.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/J/James_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;">James Pullar</a></b></big></big><br> James Ferguson Pullar FRSE (1835–1912) was a 19th-century Scottish businessman, and main partner in J & J Pullar Ltd later known as Pullars of Perth. He was the first person to introduce benzene based dry cleaning in Britain, and established one of the world's largest dry cleaning firms. Some records give his name as James Frederick Pullar. Life He was born at 36 Mill Street in Perth on 12 August 1835, the son of John Pullar (1803-1878) a dyer who went on to found J Pullar and from there Pullars of Perth. His father went on to be Provost of Perth. In 1867 he (critically) married Adelgunde Spindler (1840-1907), daughter of Wilhelm Spindler, the German inventor of benzene-based dry cleaning. He introduced dry cleaning into his existing family firm (which largely dealt with dyeing of cloth). The process quickly gained popularity and collection stations were created all over Scotland to take garments to Perth for cleaning. The Perth workforce peaked in 1909 at over 2800 person ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/J/James_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/J/James_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=James_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=James_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Robert_Pullar.html" title="Click for more on -> Robert Pullar"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Sir_Robert_Pullar.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Robert Pullar" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Robert_Pullar.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Robert_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Robert Pullar</a></b></big></big><br> Sir Robert Pullar (18 February 1828 – 9 September 1912) was a Scottish Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom. Life Pullar was born at Burt's Close in Perth on 18 February 1828, the eldest of nine children of John Pullar (1803-1878), a dyer, and his wife Mary Walker.Article by John McG. Davies. His father founded the firm Pullars of Perth and was also at one point Provost of Perth. In the summer of 1828 the family moved to 36 Mill street in Perth. This was as a reaction to complaints regarding noxious smells while they were working at Burt's Close, Mill Street being further out of town. He was educated in Perth at Stewart's Academy in Atholl Street, Greig's Academy in Stormont Street, and at Perth Academy, also doing continuation classes in French and German. He was apprenticed under his father in 1841, a junior partner in 1848 and ultimately senior partner in the local family firm of Pullars Dyeworks.1988 reprint In 1857 the firm formed a relationship with the i ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Robert_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/R/Robert_Pullar.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Robert_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Robert_Pullar" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Stirling.html" title="Click for more on -> Stirling"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Stirlingcastle.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Stirling" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stirlingcastle.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Stirling.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Stirling</a></b></big></big><br> Stirling (; sco, Stirlin; gd, Sruighlea ) is a city in central Scotland, northeast of Glasgow and north-west of Edinburgh. The market town, surrounded by rich farmland, grew up connecting the royal citadel, the medieval old town with its merchants and tradesmen, the Old Bridge and the port. Located on the River Forth, Stirling is the administrative centre for the Stirling council area, and is traditionally the county town of Stirlingshire. Proverbially it is the strategically important "Gateway to the Highlands". It has been said that "Stirling, like a huge brooch clasps Highlands and Lowlands together". Similarly "he who holds Stirling, holds Scotland" is often quoted. Stirling's key position as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth made it a focal point for travel north or south. When Stirling was temporarily under Anglo-Saxon sway, according to a 9th-century legend, it was attacked by Danish invaders. The sound of a w ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Stirling.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/S/Stirling.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Stirling" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Stirling" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/F/First_World_War.html" title="Click for more on -> First World War"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg" title="Click for more on -> First World War" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/F/First_World_War.html" style="text-decoration:none;">First World War</a></b></big></big><br> World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Arch ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/F/First_World_War.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/F/First_World_War.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=First_World_War" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=First_World_War" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/J/Justice_Of_The_Peace.html" title="Click for more on -> Justice Of The Peace"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Justice_of_the_Peace_Sturgeon_Bay.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Justice Of The Peace" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justice_of_the_Peace_Sturgeon_Bay.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/J/Justice_Of_The_Peace.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Justice Of The Peace</a></b></big></big><br> A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or '' puisne'' court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office. Some jurisdictions have varying forms of training for JPs. History In 1195, Richard I ("the Lionheart") of England and his Minister Hubert Walter commissioned certain knights to preserve the peace in unruly areas. They were responsible to the King in ensuring that the law was upheld and preserving the " King's peace". Therefore, they were known as "keepers of th ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/J/Justice_Of_The_Peace.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/J/Justice_Of_The_Peace.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Of_The_Peace" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Justice_Of_The_Peace" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Justice_Of_The_Peace" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="AdvertBottom1"> </div> <center> <script src="/js/AdvertBottom1.js"> </script> </center> <footer> <big><big> <div> <br><br> <br><br> <center> <br><a target="_top" href="../index.html"> HOME </a><br> <br>Content is Copyleft<br>Website design, code, and AI is Copyrighted (c) 2014-2017 by Stephen Payne<br><br> <a target="_top" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:LandingPage&country=US&uselang=en&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_source=donate&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org"> Consider donating to Wikimedia </a><br> <br> As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases <br></center> </div> </big></big> </footer> <div id="AddedByJS"> </div> <script src="/js/site.js"> </script> </body>