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Ectoparasitic Infestation
An ectoparasitic infestation is a Parasitism, parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host. Examples: * Scabies * Crab louse (pubic lice) * Pediculosis (head lice) * Gamasoidosis (avian mites) * ''Lernaeocera branchialis'' (cod worm) See also * Ectoparasiticide References External links Parasitism Ectoparasites {{Infectious-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infectious Disease (medical Speciality)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial ( healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections. An ID specialist investigates and determines the cause of a disease (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus or prions). Once the cause is known, an ID specialist can then run various tests to determine the best drug to treat the disease. While infectious diseases have always been around, the infectious disease specialty did not exist until the late 1900s after scientists and physicians in the 19th century paved the way with research on the sources of infectious disease and the development of vaccines. Scope Infectious diseases specialists typically serve as consultants to other physicians in cases of complex infections, and often manage patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of immunodeficiency. Although many co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites' way of feeding as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scabies
Scabies (; also sometimes known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious human skin infestation by the tiny (0.2–0.45 mm) mite ''Sarcoptes scabiei'', variety ''hominis''. The word is from . The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a papular, pimple-like rash. Occasionally, tiny burrows may appear on the skin. In a first-ever infection, the infected person usually develops symptoms within two to six weeks. During a second infection, symptoms may begin within 24 hours. These symptoms can be present across most of the body or just in certain areas such as the wrists, between fingers, or along the waistline. The head may be affected, but this is typically only in young children. The itch is often worse at night. Scratching may cause skin breakdown and an additional bacterial infection in the skin. Various names have been given to this condition and the name 'seven year itch' has been recorded in many documents from the 1800's. Although the 1952 The_Seven_Year_Itch_( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crab Louse
The crab louse or pubic louse (''Pthirus pubis'') is an insect that is an obligate parasite, obligate Parasitism#Basic concepts, ectoparasite of humans, feeding exclusively on blood. The crab louse usually is found in the person's pubic hair. Although the louse cannot jump, it can also live in other areas of the body that are covered with coarse hair, such as the Perineum, perianal area, the general body hair, and the eyelashes (in children). Humans are the only known hosts of the crab louse, although a closely related species, ''Pthirus gorillae'', infects gorillas. The human parasite is thought to have diverged from ''Pthirus gorillae'' approximately 3.3 million years ago. It is more distantly related to the genus ''Pediculus'', which contains the human head louse, head and body louse, body lice and lice that affect Common chimpanzee, chimpanzees and bonobos. Description An adult crab louse is about 1.3–2 mm long (slightly smaller than the body louse and head louse), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediculosis
Pediculosis is an infestation of lice from the sub-order Anoplura, family Pediculidae. Accordingly, the infestation with head lice is named pediculosis capitis, while this with body lice, pediculosis corporis. Although ''pediculosis'' in humans may properly refer to lice infestation of any part of the body, the term is sometimes used loosely to refer to Head lice infestation, ''pediculosis capitis'', the infestation of the human head with the specific head louse. Classification Pediculosis may be divided into the following types: :* Pediculosis capitis (Head lice infestation) :* Pediculosis corporis (Body louse infestation, also known as Pediculosis vestimenti, Vagabond's disease) :* Pediculosis pubis (Pubic louse infestation, also known as phthiriasis) Head lice Presentation Head-lice infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC estimates that 6 to 12 million children aged 3 to 11 get lice ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamasoidosis
Gamasoidosis, also known as dermanyssosis, is a frequently unrecognized form of zoonotic dermatitis, following human infestation with avian mites of the genera ''Dermanyssus'' or ''Ornithonyssus''. It is characterized by pruritic erythematous papules, macules and urticaria, with itching and irritation resulting from the saliva the mites secrete while feeding. These bites are observed all over the body. The avian mite ''Dermanyssus gallinae'' can also infest various parts of the body, including the ear canal and scalp. Diagnosis is challenging due to the mites' size, requiring microscopic identification by a Medical entomology, medical entomologist, and the clinical symptoms often mimic other conditions, such as scabies or allergic reactions. The atypical or delayed responses to mite bites, coupled with widespread ignorance and misinformation among healthcare providers, scientists, and pest control professionals, contribute to frequent underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, hindering ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lernaeocera Branchialis
''Lernaeocera branchialis'', sometimes called cod worm, is a parasite of marine fish, found mainly in the North Atlantic. It is a marine copepod which starts life as a small pelagic crustacean larva. It is among the largest of copepods, ranging in size from when it matures as a copepodid larva to more than as a sessile adult. ''Lernaeocera branchialis'' is ectoparasitic, which means it is a parasite that lives primarily on the surface of its hosts. It has many life stages, some of which are motile and some of which are sessile. It goes through two parasitic stages, one where it parasitizes as a secondary host a flounder or lumpsucker, and another stage where it parasitizes as a primary host a cod or other fishes of the cod family ( gadoids). It negatively impacts the commercial fishing and mariculture of cod-like fish. Life stages The life-cycle of a cod worm involves a complex progression of life stages, including two successive hosts. It comprises "two free-swimming n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectoparasiticide
An ectoparasiticide is an antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations. These drugs are used to kill the parasites that live on the body surface. Permethrin, sulfur, lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin and crotamiton are well known ectoparasiticides. Additionally, ectoparasiticides have been used to safely contaminate rhinoceros horns with hopes of it deterring the demand for these horns on the black market. Variants Permethrin Broad-spectrum and potent pyrethroid insecticide and is most convenient for both scabies and lice. First choice drug. Permethrin exerts its therapeutic effect by disrupting sodium transport across neuronal membranes in arthropods, inducing depolarization. This mechanism ultimately leads to respiratory paralysis in the affected arthropod, establishing permethrin as a potent agent in managing scabies and pediculosis. Additional information about treatment failure rates amongst medications used to treat ectopara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
