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Economic History Of The Philippines (1973–1986)
The economic history of the Philippines is shaped by its colonial past, evolving governance, and integration into the global economy. Prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the islands had a flourishing economy centered around agriculture, fisheries, and trade with neighboring countries like China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Under Spanish rule, the Philippines became a key hub in the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, though the wealth primarily benefited colonial powers rather than local development. During the American colonial period (1901–1946), the country saw significant economic reforms and infrastructure improvements, while the Philippine peso was pegged to the US dollar, facilitating trade and investment. After gaining independence in 1946, the Philippines experienced periods of growth and stagnation, with key phases of industrialization and agricultural reform, alongside challenges such as cronyism, political instability, and economic inequality. In the m ...
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GPD Per Capita Development Of The Philippines
GPD may refer to: Aviation * Mount Gordon Airport, in Queensland, Australia * Tradewind Aviation, an American airline Science and technology * General purpose datatype, in computer science * Generalized Pareto distribution, in statistics * Generalized parton distributions, in particle physics * Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase * GamePad Digital, a Chinese handheld game console maker (e.g.: GPD XD, GPD Win) US police departments * Gaithersburg Police Department, Maryland * Gatlinburg Police Department, Tennessee * Gladstone Police Department, Oregon * Greenbelt Police Department (Maryland) * Guam Police Department * Greensboro Police Department, North Carolina Other uses

* ''Geassocieerde Pers Diensten'', a Dutch news agency * People's Liberation Army General Political Department {{disambiguation ...
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List Of Islands In The Greater Manila Area
This is a list of islands in the Greater Manila Area in the Philippines. There are several small islands located within the Greater Manila Area, particularly along the coast of Manila Bay, both natural and artificial island, artificial. Many of these islands were formed by the Pasig River delta and consist of sand and mudflats. Artificial islands have been built particularly in Tondo, Manila, Tondo's Port of Manila, North Port area, the Navotas fish port area, and the Las Piñas–Parañaque reclamation area. Historically, the Manila, City of Manila consisted of small islands formed by rivulets called ''esteros''. They include Binondo, formed by the ''Estero de Binondo'' and ''Estero de la Reina'', and San Miguel, Manila, San Miguel, formed by the ''Estero de San Miguel'' and ''Estero de Sampaloc''. The walled district of Intramuros was itself an island surrounded by moats during the History of the Philippines (1521-1898), Spanish colonial period. Many of these waterways have be ...
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Confederate States Of Lanao
The Confederate States of Lanao (Maranao language, Maranao: ''Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao'', "Four States of Lanao") is a legislative confederation of the four Maranao states (''pangampong'') of Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Balo-i centered around Lake Lanao in the center of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. This confederation is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as simply the Lanao Sultanate or Sultanate of Lanao. The Confederate States of Lanao, specifically its sultanates, still exists in modern-day Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. However, all of the Lanao royal houses do not hold any political power in the Philippines. History Before the Maranaos were invaded by the Sultanate of Maguindanao, it already existed as a separate nation. The Chinese chronicle ''Zhufan Zhi'' (諸蕃志) published in 1225, described it as a country southeast of Shahuagong (Sanmalan) in present-day Zamboanga City, a country called "Maluonu", of which this is what the chronicles have to say. ...
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Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus ''Cinnamomum''. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, biscuits, breakfast cereals, Snack, snack foods, bagels, teas, hot chocolate and traditional foods. The aroma and flavour of cinnamon derive from its essential oil and principal component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as numerous other constituents, including eugenol. Cinnamon is the name for several species of trees and the commercial spice products that some of them produce. All are members of the genus ''Cinnamomum'' in the family Lauraceae. Only a few ''Cinnamomum'' species are grown commercially for spice. ''Cinnamomum verum'' (alternatively ''C. zeylanicum''), known as "Ceylon cinnamon" after its origins in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), is considered to be "true cinnamon", but most cinnamon in international commerce is derived from four other speci ...
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Sultanate Of Maguindanao
The Sultanate of Maguindanao ( Maguindanaon: ''Kasultanan nu Magindanaw'', Jawi: كسولتانن نو مڬیندنو; Filipino: ''Kasultanan ng Mangindánaw'') was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces ( Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte), Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region. Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf. During the era of European colonization, the sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders. History Chinese records According to the Yuan annals of 1304 in the ''Nanhai Zhi'', a polity known as Wenduling or BintolangWenduling is the Mandarin transliteration, while Bintolang is the Hokkien transliteration for the Chinese characters 文杜陵. (文杜陵) was once a vassal state of Po-ni. According to Wang Zhenping, Wenduling ...
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Sanmalan
The polity of Sanmalan is a precolonial Philippine state centered on what is now Zamboanga.Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines
By Kansai University
The capital may have been located in modern-day , which is part of the ancestral land of the indigenous Subanon people, who were the majority in the Zamboanga peninsula at the time. It was mentioned in Chinese annals as "Sanmalan" (三麻蘭) and was supposedly ruled over by a Rajah Chulan, who sent the emissary Ali Bakti to the Chinese imperial court in 1011 ...
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Rajahnate Of Butuan
Butuan, sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Butuan (; Butuanon: ; ; ), was a precolonial Bisaya Hindu polity (''lungsod'') centered around northeastern Mindanao island in present-day Butuan, Philippines. It was known for its gold mining, gold jewelry and other wares, and its extensive trade network across maritime Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Over its long history the lungsod had direct trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of China, Champa, Đại Việt, Pon-i (Brunei), Srivijaya, Majapahit, Kambuja, and even Persia as well as areas now comprised in Thailand. The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad River (the old Agusan River) have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result, Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the precolonial era. Etymology The name ''Butuan'' is believed to have existed long before the Spanish conquistadores arri ...
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Leyte
Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has been depleted, Leyte has provided countless number of migrants to Mindanao. Most inhabitants are farmers. Fishing is a supplementary activity. Rice and corn (maize) are the main food crops; cash crops include coconuts, abaca, tobacco, bananas, and sugarcane. There are some manganese deposits, and sandstone and limestone are quarried in the northwest. Politically, the island is divided into two provinces: (Northern) Leyte and Southern Leyte. Territorially, Southern Leyte includes the island of Panaon to its south. To the north of Leyte is the island province of Biliran, a former sub-province of Leyte. The major cities of Leyte are Tacloban, on the eastern shore at the northwest corner of Leyte Gulf, and Ormoc, on the west coast. Leyte tod ...
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Rajahnate Of Cebu
Cebu, also called Sugbu, informally referred to as the Rajahnate of Cebu, was an Indianized mandala (polity) monarchy on the island of Cebu in the Philippines prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. It is known in ancient Chinese records as the nation of Sokbu (束務) ( Hokkien) or Suwu ( Mandarin).SONG, MING, AND OTHER CHINESE SOURCES ON PHILIPPINES-CHINA RELATIONS
By Carmelea Ang See. Page 74.
According to Visayan oral legend, it was founded by Sri LumaySantarita, J. B. (2018). Panyupayana: The Emergence of Hindu Polities in the Pre-Islamic Philippines. Cultural and Civilisational Links Between India and Southeast Asia, 93–10 ...
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Kedatuan Of Dapitan
Dapitan Kingdom (also called Bool Kingdom) is the term used by local historians of Bohol, Philippines, to refer to the Dauis– Mansasa polity in the modern city of Tagbilaran and the adjacent island of Panglao. The volume of artifacts unearthed in the sites of Dauis and Mansasa may have inspired the creation of the legend of the "Dapitan Kingdom" through piecing together the oral legends of the Eskaya people and historical events such as the Ternatan raid of Bohol and the migration of Boholanos under Datu Pagbuaya to Dapitan. History Early history In the early 17th century, Father Ignacio Alcina recorded that a certain Datung Sumanga of Leyte wooed the princess Bugbung Humasanum, of Bohol, and married her after raiding Imperial China and afterwards were the precursors of the people there. In 1667, Father Francisco Combes, in his ''Historia de Mindanao'', mentioned that the people of the island of Panglao had once invaded mainland Bohol, subsequently imposing their economic ...
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Kedatuan Of Madja-as
Madja-as was a legendary precolonial confederacy on the island of Panay in the Philippines. It was mentioned in Pedro Monteclaro's book titled Maragtas. It was supposedly created by Datu Sumakwel to exercise his authority over all the other datus of Panay. Like the Maragtas and the Code of Kalantiaw, the historical authenticity of the confederation is disputed. The ''Maragtas'' legend Background The book of Maragtas The Maragtas is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro titled (in English translation) ''History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants, from which they descended, to the arrival of the Spaniards''. The work is in mixed Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a languages in Iloilo written in 1901 and published in 1907. It is an original work based on written and oral sources available to the author. While the work is disputed, the notion that the Maragtas is an original work of fiction by Monteclaro is disputed by a 2019 Thesis, named "Mga Mara ...
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Cainta (historical Polity)
In early Philippine history, the Tagalog ''bayan'' (; "country" or "polity") of Cainta was a fortified upriver polity that occupied both shores of an arm of the Pasig River. It was located not far from where the Pasig River meets the Lake of Ba-i and is presumed to be the present site of the municipality of Cainta, Rizal. Description Descriptions of early chroniclers say that the polity was surrounded by bamboo thickets, defended by a log wall, stone bulwarks, and several lantakas, and that an arm of the Pasig River flowed through the middle of the city, dividing it into two settlements. As described in an anonymous 1572 account documented in Volume 3 of Blair and Robertson's compiled translations: This said village had about a thousand inhabitants, and was surrounded by very tall and very dense bamboo thickets, and fortified with a wall and a few small culverins. The same river as that of Manila circles around the village and a branch of it passes through the middle divid ...
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