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Eastern Navarrese Dialect
Eastern Navarrese (''Ekialdeko nafar euskalkia'' in Basque) is an extinct Basque dialect spoken in Navarre Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. ..., Spain. It included two subdialects: Salazarese and Roncalais. The name of this dialect was proposed by the foremost living Basque dialectologist, Koldo Zuazo, in a new classification of Basque dialects published in 2004. Later on, when the last speakers (of the Salazarese subdialect) died at the beginning of the 21st century, Zuazo retired Eastern Navarrese from the list of living dialects. Comparison Notes and references External links *Map of Basque dialects by Koldo Zuazo {{Portal, Language Basque dialects Culture of Navarre Languages extinct in the 1990s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navarre
Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. The capital city is Pamplona (). The present-day province makes up the majority of the territory of the medieval Kingdom of Navarre, a long-standing Pyrenean kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost part, Lower Navarre, located in the southwest corner of France. Navarre is in the transition zone between the green Cantabrian Coast and semi-arid interior areas and thus its landscapes vary widely across the region. Being in a transition zone also produces a highly variable climate, with summers that are a mix of cooler spells and heat waves, and winters that are mild for the latitude. Navarre is one of the historic Basque provinces: its Basque features are conspicuous in the north, but vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Language
Basque ( ; ) is a language spoken by Basques and other residents of the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Basque is classified as a language isolate (unrelated to any other known languages), the only one in Europe. The Basques are indigenous to and primarily inhabit the Basque Country. The Basque language is spoken by 806,000 Basques in all territories. Of them, 93.7% (756,000) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.3% (50,000) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the French Basque Country, three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities on the northern border of Álava and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to stre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salazarese
Salazarese (locally ''Zaraitzuko uskara'') is the Basque dialect of the Salazar Valley of Navarre, Spain. In English it is also known as Zaraitzu Basque, the Zaraitzu dialect or Salazar dialect; in Spanish as ''salacenco'' and in Basque as ''Zaraitzuko euskara''. Basque was spoken in the Salazar valley until the first half of the 20th century; ever since, the number of speakers started a dramatic decline. At the time of the 2002 linguistic census, there were only two native speakers, both with ages over 85, and within a few years Salazarese became extinct. However, its features had been documented over the 19th and 20th centuries. From the 1980s there has been a revival of the Basque language in Spain. As a result, roughly a quarter of the valley's inhabitants now speak Standard Basque. It would be possible to revive the Salazarese dialect to some degree by teaching its features to Batua speakers. History 18th century Some religious texts were written: the Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roncalais
Roncalese (in Basque: ''erronkariera'', in Roncalese dialect: ''Erronkariko uskara'') is an extinct Basque dialect once spoken in the Roncal Valley in Navarre, Spanish Basque Country. It is a subdialect of Eastern Navarrese in the classification of Koldo Zuazo. It had been classified as a subdialect of Souletin (otherwise spoken in the province of Soule in the French Basque Country The French Basque Country (; ; ), or Northern Basque Country (, or , ), is a region lying on the west of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Since 1 January 2017, it constitutes the Basque Municipal Community (; ) presided ...) in the 19th-century classification of Louis Lucien Bonaparte, and as a separate dialect in the early-20th-century classification of Resurrección María de Azkue. The last speaker of the Roncalese, Fidela Bernat, died in 1991. Roncalese preserves historical nasals which have been lost from other dialects, a fact which has proven valuable in dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Dialects
Basque dialects are linguistic varieties of the Basque language which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard Basque. Between six and nine Basque dialects have been historically distinguished: * Biscayan * Gipuzkoan * Upper Navarrese (Northern and Southern) * Lower Navarrese (Eastern and Western) * Lapurdian * Souletin (Souletin and Roncalese) In modern times, however, both Lower Navarrese and Lapurdian are considered part of a Navarrese–Lapurdian dialect, so there would be five dialects, divided into 11 subdialects and 24 minor varieties. The boundaries of all these dialects do not coincide directly with current political or administrative boundaries. It was believed that the dialect boundaries between Bizkaian, Gipuzkoan and Upper Navarrese showed some relation to some pre-Roman tribal boundaries between the Caristii, Varduli and Vascones. However, main Basque dialectologists now deny any direct relation between those tribes and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
