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Eastern Cross
The Eastern Cross (''Krzyż Wschodni'') is a Polish decoration established on 15 December 2016. The concept of the Cross was presented by Member of Sejm Michał Dworczyk. It is said to be the element of the politics of memory. It is awarded by the President of Poland on recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who might be advised by e.g. the head of the Office for War Veterans and Victims of Oppression, the director of the Pilecki Institute with opinion of the President of the Institute of National Remembrance as a token of commemoration and gratitude to foreigners who provided aid and assistance to Polish citizens persecuted by Nazi and communist regimes between 1917 and 1991 in the territory of Eastern Borderlands and the Soviet Union. Design On the obsverse it is inscribed "RATUJĄCYM POLAKÓW" (''To the rescuers of Poles''). References See also * Pilecki Institute * Western Cross The Western Cross (''Krzyż Zachodni'') is a Polish decoration es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Poland
The president of Poland ( pl, Prezydent RP), officially the president of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of Poland. Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president heads the executive branch. In addition, the president has a right to dissolve parliament in certain cases, can veto legislation and represents Poland in the international arena. History The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution. Narutowicz was assassinated on 16 December 1922. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been "Chief of State" ('' Naczelnik Państwa'') under the provisional Small Constitution of 1919. In 1926 Piłsudski staged the " May Coup", overthrew President Stanisław Wojciechowski and had the National Assem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Cross
The Western Cross (''Krzyż Zachodni'') is a Polish decoration established on 7 April 2017. The concept of the Cross was presented by senator Jan Żaryn, and designed by Robert Szydlik and Tadeusz Jeziorowski. It is awarded by the President of Poland on recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who might be advised by e.g. the head of the Office for War Veterans and Victims of Oppression, the director of the Pilecki Institute as a token of commemoration and gratitude to foreigners who provided aid and assistance to Polish citizens persecuted by Nazi and communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ... regimes between 1939 and 1989 in places not included by the Eastern Cross. Design On the obsverse it is inscribed "PRO AUXILIO POLONIS DATO" (''For aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejm
The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the transition of government in 1989. Along with the upper house of parliament, the Senate, it forms the national legislature in Poland known as National Assembly ( pl, Zgromadzenie Narodowe). The Sejm is composed of 460 deputies (singular ''deputowany'' or ''poseł'' – "envoy") elected every four years by a universal ballot. The Sejm is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the Sejm" (''Marszałek Sejmu''). In the Kingdom of Poland, the term "''Sejm''" referred to an entire two- chamber parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies ( pl, Izba Poselska), the Senate and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573 Henrician Articles strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Dworczyk
Michał Paweł Dworczyk (born 22 July 1975) is a Polish politician. Dworczyk worked as an adviser for Eastern European and Polonia affairs for Prime Ministers Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jarosław Kaczyński between 2005 and 2007, and later served as an adviser to President Lech Kaczyński from 2009 to 2010. In the 2015 parliamentary election, Dworczyk was elected to the Sejm as a member of the Law and Justice party. Between March and December 2017, Dworczyk served Deputy Minister of National Defence. In December 2017, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki Mateusz Jakub Morawiecki (; born 20 June 1968) is a Polish economist, historian and politician who has served as prime minister of Poland since 2017. A member of Law and Justice (PiS), he previously served in the cabinet of prime minister Beata ... appointed Dworczyk as the Chief of the Chancellery. External links Parliamentary profile 1975 births University of Warsaw alumni Law and Justice politicians Polish Sco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Memory
Politics of memory is the organisation of collective memory by political agents; the political means by which events are remembered and recorded, or discarded. Eventually, politics of memory may determine the way history is written and passed on, hence the terms history politics or politics of history. The politics of history is the effects of political influence on the representation or study of historical topics, commonly associated with the totalitarian state which use propaganda and other means to impose a specific version of history with the goal of eliminating competing perspectives about the past. In order to achieve this goal, memory regimes resort to different means such as ''narrating'' (the construction of a seemingly coherent narrative), ''strategic silencing'' (the masking-out of historical facts that contradict one's own interpretation), ''performing'' (ritualized forms of reifying the narrative) or ''renaming/remapping'' (inscribing the narrative into the monumental a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs (Poland)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (''Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych'', MSZ) is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations. The head of the ministry holds a place in the Council of Ministers. Remit and responsibilities of the ministry The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible primarily for maintaining good, friendly relations between the Polish Republic and other states. In doing so it is required to act primarily as a representative of the Polish people. To this end all Polish diplomatic missions around the world are subordinate to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ambassadors, whilst receiving their credentials from the President of Poland, are employees of the foreign ministry and are recommended to the President for their posts by the minister of foreign affairs. The ministr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office For War Veterans And Victims Of Oppression
The Office for War Veterans and Victims of Oppression ( pl, Urząd do Spraw Kombatantów i Osób Represjonowanych) in the main institution in the Government of Poland to deal with the issues of Polish veterans of struggles for independence and victims of oppression. In 1991 a special status was set up for people of these categories, and the main tasks of the Office include awarding this status, providing care for people with this status, and disseminating the information about their life and struggle. See also * Siberian Exiles Cross * Badge of honor An activist of the anti-communist opposition or a person repressed for political reasons * Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites *Institute of National Remembrance The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation ( pl, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state resea ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilecki Institute
The Pilecki Institute ( pl, Instytut Pileckiego) is a Polish government institution in care of preserving the memory, documenting and researching the historical experiences of Polish citizens and increasing awareness regarding totalitarianism in the 20th century. Its patron is Witold Pilecki. Activities Research The Scientific Department initiates and participates in interdisciplinary research projects devoted to totalitarianism and the history of Poland in the 20th century. The Institute gathers researchers who specialize in political science, sociology, history and Jewish studies. It gathers and publishes documents concerning its scope of interests, provides support for scientific research, especially connected to the victims of Nazism and Communism. The studies are concerned primarily with World War II and its consequences. The Institute also translates into Polish the most important works on totalitarianisms. Education The Institute carries out educational projects and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of National Remembrance
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation ( pl, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives with investigative and lustration powers. The IPN was established by the Polish parliament by the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance of 18 December 1998, which incorporated the earlier Main Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation of 1991. IPN itself had replaced a body on Nazi crimes established in 1945. In 2018, IPN's mission statement was amended by the controversial Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance to include "protecting the reputation of the Republic of Poland and the Polish Nation". The IPN investigates Nazi and Communist crimes committed between 1917 and 1990, documents its findings, and disseminates them to the publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Borderlands
Eastern Borderlands ( pl, Kresy Wschodnie) or simply Borderlands ( pl, Kresy, ) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the History of Poland (1918–1939), interwar period (1918–1939). Largely agricultural and extensively multi-ethnic, it amounted to nearly half of the territory of Second Polish Republic, pre-war Poland. Historically situated in the eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following the Partitions of Poland, 18th-century foreign partitions it was annexed by Russia and partly by the Habsburg monarchy (Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia), and Polish–Soviet War, ceded to Poland in 1921 after the Peace of Riga. As a result of the Territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II, post-World War II border changes, none of the lands remain in Poland today. The Polish plural term ''Kresy'' corresponds to the Russian ''okrainy'' (), meaning "the border regions". It is also largely co-terminous with the northern areas of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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