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Eastern Bontok
Eastern Bontok (Eastern Bontoc) is a language of the Bontok group spoken in the Philippines. The 2007 census claimed there were around speakers. Distribution According to ''Ethnologue'', Eastern Bontok is spoken in the following areas: Cordillera Administrative Region: East mountain province: Barlig Municipality: Barlig, Kadaklan, and Lias villages. Dialects ''Ethnologue'' reports 3 dialects for Eastern Bontok: Finallig, Kinajakran (Kenachakran) and Liniyas. Similarities The language was reported to be similar with 4 other Bontok languages: Northern Bontok, Southwestern Bontok and Southern Bontok. See also * Cordillera Administrative Region * Bontoc language * Bontoc people The Bontoc (or Bontok) ethnolinguistic group can be found in the central and eastern portions of Mountain Province, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Although some Bontocs of Natonin and Paracelis identify themselves as Balangao people, B ... References {{Philippines-stub Language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayo-Polynesian
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippine Archipelago) and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken on the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier. Many languages of the Malayo-Polynesian family in insular Southeast Asia show the strong influence of Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic, as the western part of the region has been a stronghold of Hinduism, Buddhism, and, later, Islam. Two morphological characteristics of the Malayo-Polynesian languages are a system of affixation and reduplication (repetition of all or part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Luzon Languages
The Northern Luzon languages (also known as the Cordilleran languages) are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly located in and around the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon in the Philippines. Among its major languages are Ilocano, Pangasinan and Ibanag. Internal classification Lawrence Reid (2018) divides the over thirty Northern Luzon languages into five branches: the Northeastern Luzon, Cagayan Valley and Meso-Cordilleran subgroups, further Ilokano and Arta as group-level isolate branches.Reid, Lawrence A. 2018.Modeling the linguistic situation in the Philippines" In ''Let's Talk about Trees'', ed. by Ritsuko Kikusawa and Lawrence A. Reid. Osaka: Senri Ethnological Studies, Minpaku. † indicates that the language is extinct. *Northern Luzon **'' Ilocano'' **'' Arta'' **'' Dicamay Agta'' † (unclassified) **Cagayan Valley ***'' Isnag'' *** Ibanagic ****'' Atta'' ****'' Ibanag'' ****'' Itawis'' ****'' Yogad'' *** Gad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meso-Cordilleran Languages
The Meso-Cordilleran languages are a group of languages spoken in or near the Cordillera Central (Luzon), Cordillera Central mountain range in Northern Luzon. Its speakers are culturally very diverse, and include the lowland Pangasinan people, Pangasinense, the Igorot highlanders (including bugkalot people, Bugkalot), and Alta language, Alta-speaking Aeta people, Aeta groups. Languages Classification per Himes (2005):Himes, Ronald S. 2005. The Meso-Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages. In Hsiu-chuan Liao and Carl R. Galvez Rubino (eds.), Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology: Parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid, 81-92. Manila, Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines. *Meso-Cordilleran **Northern Alta language, Northern Alta **Southern Alta language, Southern Alta **South-Central Cordilleran ***Central Cordilleran languages, Central Cordilleran ****Isinai language, Isinai ****North Central Cordilleran *****Kalinga–Itneg ******It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bontoc Language
Bontoc (Bontok) is a macrolanguage native to the indigenous Bontoc people of the Mountain Province, in the northern part of the Philippines. Specific languages ''Ethnologue'' reports the following locations for each of the five Bontok languages. Speaker populations from the 2007 census, as quoted in ''Ethnologue''. Phonology * The archiphoneme has , , and as its allophones. The allophone occurs word-initially, adjacent to , as the second member of a consonant cluster consisting of a coronal consonant and , and as the second member of any consonant cluster preceded by . occurs in free variation with word-initially, but otherwise occurs in complementary distribution with it. occurs in free variation with and word-initially, and with elsewhere. These /r/ sounds are even applied to loanwords from Ilokano and Tagalog, and Spanish loanwords from the 2 languages. * The plosives , , , and have, respectively, (representing an interdental consonant), , , and as their syll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Philippines
There are some 130 to 195 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the archipelago. A number of Spanish-influenced creole language, creole varieties generally called Chavacano along with some local varieties of Chinese are also spoken in certain communities. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino language, Filipino, a de facto standardized version of Tagalog language, Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English language, English. Filipino is regulated by Commission on the Filipino Language and serves as a ''lingua franca'' used by Filipinos of various ethnolinguistic backgrounds. Republic Act 11106 declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL as the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf. While Filipino is used for communication across the country's diverse linguistic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ; ), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, situated within the island of Luzon. It is the only Landlocked country, landlocked region in the archipelago, bordered by the Ilocos Region to the west and southwest, and by the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan Valley Region to the north, east, and southeast. The region comprises six Provinces of the Philippines, provinces: Abra (Philippines), Abra, Apayao Province, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga Province, Kalinga and Mountain Province. The regional center is the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is the largest city in the region. The region was officially created on July 15, 1987, covering most of the Cordillera Central (Luzon), Cordillera Mountain Range of Luzon that is home to numerous Ethnic groups in the Philippines, ethnic groups. Nueva Vizcaya province has a majority Igorot people, Igorot populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Bontok Language
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is etymology, related to the Old High German ''nord'', both descending from the Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European unit *''ner-'', meaning "left; below" as north is to left when facing the rising sun. Similarly, the other cardinal directions are also related to the sun's position. The Latin word ''borealis'' comes from the Ancient Greek, Greek ''boreas'' "north wind, north" which, according to Ovid, was personified as the wind-god Boreas (god), Boreas, the father of Calais and Zetes. ''Septentrionalis'' is from ''septentriones'', "the seven plow oxen", a name of ''Ursa Major''. The Greek ἀρκτικός (''arktikós'') is named for the same constellation, and is the source of the English word ''Arctic''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Bontoc
Southwestern Bontoc (Southwestern Bontok) is a variety of the Bontoc language of the Philippines. This language is a moribund language, with only 2,470 speakers left in 2007.Southwestern Bontok at ''Ethnologue''. Distribution and dialects Ethnologue reports the following locations for Southwestern Bontok: Cordillera Administrative Region: Mountain Province: Bontoc Municipality: Alab, Balili, Gonogon and some villages near Chico River Valley and the southwest of Bontoc Municipality. Ethnologue identifies Ina-ab, Binalili and Ginonogon as dialects of Southwestern Bontok. Similarities Ethnologue reports the language is similar to 4 other Bontoc languages: Central Bontok, North Bontok, Southern Bontok and Eastern Bontok. Death of the language This language is a moribund language, which means that only a few people speak it and if the speakers of the language continue to speak Tagalog or English to their sons and not speak their own mother tongue, the language will not b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Bontoc Language
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both west and east. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz'' ("south"), possibly related to the same Proto-Indo-European root that the word ''sun'' derived from. Some languages describe south in the same way, from the fact that it is the direction of the sun at noon (in the Northern Hemisphere), like Latin meridies 'noon, south' (from medius 'middle' + dies 'day', ), while others describe south as the right-hand side of the rising sun, like Biblical Hebrew תֵּימָן teiman 'south' from יָמִין yamin 'right', Aramaic תַּימנַא taymna from יָמִין yamin 'right' and Syriac ܬܰܝܡܢܳܐ taymna from ܝܰܡܝܺܢܳܐ yamina (hence the name of Yemen, the land to the south/right of the Levant). South is sometimes abbreviated as S. Navigation By convention, the ''bottom or down-f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bontoc People
The Bontoc (or Bontok) ethnolinguistic group can be found in the central and eastern portions of Mountain Province, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Although some Bontocs of Natonin and Paracelis identify themselves as Balangao people, Balangaos, Gaddang people, Gaddangs or Kalinga people, Kalingas, the term "Bontoc" is used by linguists and anthropologists to distinguish speakers of the Bontoc language from neighboring ethnolinguistic groups. They formerly practiced head-hunting and had distinctive body tattoos. Geography The Bontoc live in a mountainous territory, particularly close to the Chico River (Philippines), Chico River and its tributaries. Mineral resources (gold, copper, limestone, gypsum) can be found in the mountain areas. Gold, in particular, has been traditionally extracted from the Bontoc municipality. The Chico River (Philippines), Chico River provides sand, gravel, and white clay, while the forests of Barlig and Sadanga within the area have rattan, bamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Mountain Province
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. Human languages possess the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the discourse. The use of human language relies on social convention and is acquired through learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
