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Eastern Balochi
Balochi (, romanized: ) is a Northwestern Iranian language, spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. In addition, there are speakers in Oman, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Turkmenistan, East Africa and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world. The total number of speakers, according to ''Ethnologue'', is million. Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan. Balochi varieties constitute a dialect continuum and collectively at least have 10 million native speakers. The main varieties of Balochi are Eastern (Soleimani), Southern (Makrani) and Western (Rakhshani). The Koroshi dialect is a dialect of the Balochi language, spoken mainly in the provinces of Fars and Hormozgan. According to Brian Spooner, Balochi belongs to the Western Iranian subgroup, and its original homeland is suggested to be around the central Caspian region. Classification Balochi is an Indo-European language, spoken by the Baloch and belonging to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writing System
A writing system comprises a set of symbols, called a ''script'', as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language. The earliest writing appeared during the late 4th millennium BC. Throughout history, each independently invented writing system gradually emerged from a system of proto-writing, where a small number of ideographs were used in a manner incapable of fully encoding language, and thus lacking the ability to express a broad range of ideas. Writing systems are generally classified according to how its symbols, called ''graphemes'', relate to units of language. Phonetic writing systemswhich include alphabets and syllabariesuse graphemes that correspond to sounds in the corresponding spoken language. Alphabets use graphemes called ''letter (alphabet), letters'' that generally correspond to spoken phonemes. They are typically divided into three sub-types: ''Pure alphabets'' use letters to represent both consonant and vowel sounds, ''abjads'' gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Spooner (anthropologist)
Brian J. Spooner is a Professor of Anthropology, Undergraduate Chair at Department of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and Curator of Near Eastern Ethnology at the Penn Museum. His many works are on subjects including Cultural and social anthropology; globalization, Islam, Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia; social organization, religion, ethnohistory, ecology, non-industrial economies. Scientific career Professor Spooner joined the faculty at University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of f ... in 1968. He served as the Department of Anthropology's graduate chair 1985-8 and the University's Middle East Center Director from 1986-1995. He was Interim Co-Director of the Lauder Institute 2010 -2012, and is a Fellow at the Penn Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fars Province
Fars Province or Pars Province, also known as Persis or Farsistan (فارسستان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz. Pars province has an area of 122,400 km2 and is located in Iran's southwest, in Regions of Iran, Region 2. It neighbours the provinces of Bushehr province, Bushehr to the west, Hormozgan province, Hormozgan to the south, Kerman province, Kerman and Yazd province, Yazd to the east, Isfahan province, Isfahan to the north, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad to the northwest. Etymology The Persian language, Persian word Pa''rs'' (), derived from the earlier form ''Pârs'' (), which is in turn derived from ' (), the Old Persian name for the Persis region. The names ''Parsa'' and ''Persia'' originate from this region. Pars is the historical homeland of the Persian people. It was the homeland of the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid and Sasanian Empire, Sasanian Persian dynasties of Iran, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koroshi Dialect
Koroshi (Koroshi: کوروشی, Balochi: کوروٚشی) is a Balochi dialect. The speakers of Koroshi live in scattered pockets in Southern Iranian Fars province. The number of speakers was estimated to be 1000 in 2006. According to Ethnologue the dialect has 180 speakers within 40 to 50 families. Entirely isolated from the main body of the Baloch habitat, Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties.. Phonology The transcription used here is only an approximation: Vowels *short: â, a, e, i, o, u *long: â:, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū Consonants *voiced dental fricative: ð, like in 'sað' (hundred). *voiced velar fricative: ɣ, like in 'maɣz' (copula). *alveolar trill: like in 'arra' (saw, the hand tool). *palatal: 'g' and 'k', like in 'heykal' (body) and 'merzeng' (eyelash). Grammar Verbs *Infinitive markers: -ag ('g' is palatal here). Nouns *The suffixes "-yok" and "-â" make nouns definite. Examples: golâbi (pear) → golâbi-yok (the pear) b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakhshani Dialect
Rakhshani( Balochi:) also termed Western Balochi is a Balochi dialect. The dialect has several important subdialects and spoken predominantly in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. The Ethnologue website has classified the dialect under the western Balochi. Dialects Elfenbein divides the Rakhshani dialect into three categories: *Kalati (areas between Las Bela in the north of Karachi to Mastung in the south of Quetta Chaghi and Kharan (northern areas of Balochistan, Pakistan, including Noshki, Dalbandin, Kharan, and Kalat). *Panjguri(southern and southwestern areas of Afghanistan, mainly the areas around the Helmand River). *Sarhaddi (an area that extends from the east to Dalbandin in Pakistan and from the northeast to Chahar Burjak in Afghanistan, and includes Merv in the Republic of Turkmenistan and Sistan in Iran, with Nosratabad in Balochistan, Iran, forming its southernmost part). Phonology Western Balochi has 21 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makrani Dialect
Makrani( Balochi:) or Southern Balochi is a variety of the Balochi language spoken in the historical region of Makran in Balochistan in Pakistan as well as Iran. Spoken by the Baloch people, it is often categorised as an "important" dialect of Balochi. Makrani is the second most spoken Balochi dialect after Rakhshani in Iranian Balochistan. Background After conducting phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical studies, Elfenbein, first divided the Balochi dialects into six branches. *1. Eastern Hill Balochi *2. Rakhshani dialects (including Kalati, Chagai-Kharani, Afghani, Sarhaddi and Panjguri) *3. Saravani *4. Kechi *5. Latuni or Lashari But after further and more detailed research, he himself proposed another division, based on which the Balochi dialects were: *1. Rakhshani (with 3 main sub-branches: Kalati, Panjguri, and Sarhaddi) *2. Saravani *3. Lashari *4. Kechi *5. Coastal dialects *6. Eastern Hill Balochi. Carina Jahani considers the division of Balo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Bureau Of Statistics
The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) () is a federal agency under the Government of Pakistan. It is an attached department of the Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives. It works for collecting statistics in the country. History In 1947, the ''Central Statistical Office'' (CSO) was set up by the government of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. In 1950, CSO became an attached department of the Economic Affairs Division. In 1972, on the recommendation of IBRD Mission, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto upgraded the Central Statistical Office to a full-fledged government division. In 1981, the bureau was reorganized and its technical wing (CSO) was converted into the then ''Federal Bureau of Statistics''. Former Finance Minister Dr. Mahbub ul Haq further reorganized the bureau. See also *Government of Pakistan * Politics of Pakistan *Statistics References External linksFederal Bureau of Statistics {{Authority control Pakistan federal departments and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the region is recognized in the United Nations Statistics Division United Nations geoscheme for Africa, scheme as encompassing 18 sovereign states and 4 territories. It includes the Horn of Africa to the North and Southeastern Africa to the south. Definitions In a narrow sense, particularly in English-speaking contexts, East Africa refers to the area comprising Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, largely due to their shared history under the Omani Empire and as parts of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa. Further extending East Africa's definition, the Horn of Africa—comprising Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia—stands out as a distinct geopolitical entity within East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
