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East West Gas Pipeline (India)
Pipeline Infrastructure Limited or East West Gas Pipeline (EWPL) is a project implemented to transport gas from Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) to Bharuch (Gujarat) including various spurs and interconnects on the way. EWPL traverses through the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat. EWPL has been authorized as a common carrier pipeline. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infrastructure Trust, which is owned by Brookfield Asset Management. The East West Gas Pipeline supplies Natural gas to RIL's vast petrochemical complex at Gujarat and delivers gas to numerous customers via branch line connections along its length. The pipeline system features multiple compressor stations, numerous metering facilities at branch take-offs and an advanced control and communications network. The project is the first and largest privately owned cross-country pipeline in India and the backbone of India's burgeoning natural gas grid. Gas source The current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East–West Pipeline
The East–West pipeline is a natural gas Pipeline transport, pipeline in Turkmenistan. It was constructed to carry natural gas from gas fields in eastern Turkmenistan to the coast of Caspian Sea across the southern part of the country. History In 2007–2008, Russia and Turkmenistan negotiated construction of the East–West pipeline to supply the planned Caspian Coastal pipeline, an extension of the Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system. The pipeline was to be built in cooperation with the Russian gas company Gazprom. The main designated contractor was Zarubezhneftegaz, a subsidiary of Gazprom. However, on 27 March 2009 after tensions between Russia and Turkmenistan over gas supplies from Turkmenistan to Russia, Turkmenistan launched an international tender for the pipeline. Over 70 companies expressed their interest to participate in the project. In May 2010 it was announced that Turkmenistan will build the pipeline on its own. Construction started in 2012 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brookfield Asset Management
Brookfield Asset Management Inc. is a Canadian Multinational corporation, multinational company that is one of the world's largest alternative investment management companies, with over US$725 billion of assets under management in 2022. It focuses on direct control investments in real estate, Renewable energy, renewable power, infrastructure, credit and private equity. The company invests in distressed securities through Oaktree Capital Management, Oaktree Capital, which it bought in 2019. Brookfield's headquarters are in Toronto. It also has corporate offices in New York City, London, São Paulo, Mumbai, Shanghai, Dubai, and Sydney. History The company was founded in 1899 as the São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company by William Mackenzie (railway entrepreneur), William Mackenzie and Frederick Stark Pearson. It operated in the construction and management of electricity and transport infrastructure in Brazil. In 1904, the Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reliance Industries
Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company, headquartered in Mumbai. It has diverse businesses including energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. Reliance is one of the most profitable companies in India, the largest publicly traded company in India by market capitalisation, and the largest company in India as measured by revenue. It is also the one of the top largest employer in India with over 236,000 employees in the world. The company is ranked 100th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2022. Reliance continues to be India's largest exporter, accounting for 7% of India's total merchandise exports and it has access to markets in over 100 countries. Reliance is responsible for almost 5% of the Government of India's total revenue from customs and excise duty. It is also the highest income tax payer in the private sector in India. The company has relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HVJ Gas Pipeline
' HVJ an abbreviation for Hazira- Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (also known as HBJ where B stands for Bijeypur, another name of Vijaipur) is India's first cross state gas pipeline. The project was started in 1986 after the incorporation of GAIL (India) Limited to supply gas to the fertilizer plants located in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The first phase of the project consisting of non-branched 1,750 kilometer grid was commissioned in 1987. Later on the system was expanded with additional branches to supply gas for industrial and domestic use in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana and NCT, which increased the total grid length to 3,474 km. In year 1998, newly established Indraprastha Gas Limited took control of the Delhi branch of the pipeline to set up a citywide gas grid. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh. Features of HVJ Compressor stations 4 compressor stations at Hazira, Jhabua, Vijaipur and Auraiya houses 28 gas turbine p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandla-Gorakhpur LPG Pipeline
Kandla-Gorakhpur LPG pipeline (KGPL) is an under-construction gas pipeline project in India. It has a total length of stretching from Kandla port in Gujarat to the city of Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh via Madhya Pradesh. The project cost is estimated to be 9,000-10,000 crore. It is constructed by IHB Limited, a joint venture company comprising three PSUs in India: the Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), the Hindustan Petroleum (HPCL), and the Bharat Petroleum (BPCL). The pipeline connects refineries to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) bottling plants. History On 24 February 2019 the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, laid the foundation stone of the pipeline at Gorakhpur. Project detail Total Length: 2,805 km Gujarat: 1,076 km, Madhya Pradesh: 621 km, Uttar Pradesh: 1,108 kmhttps://www.ihbl.in/kandla-gorakhpur-pipeline Line Diameter : 20”, 18”, 16”, 14”, 12”, 10”, 8” Pumping Stations: Kandla, Mithi Rohar, Viramgam, Dahej, Pipavav, Dumad, BPC Bina Refinery, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the entire global energy sector, with a recent focus on curbing carbon emissions and reaching global climate targets, including the Paris Agreement. The 31 member countries and 11 association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand. The IEA was set up under the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis to respond to physical disruptions in global oil supplies, provide data and statistics about the global Petroleum industry, oil market and Energy industry, energy sector, promote energy savings and conservation, and establish international technical collaboration on innovation and research. Since its founding, the IEA has also coordinated use of the oil reserves that its members are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Price Of Oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel () of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level. The global price of crude oil was relatively consistent in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This changed in the 1970s, with a significant increase in the price of oil globally. There have been a number of structural drivers of global oil prices historically, including oil supply, demand, and storage shocks, and shocks to global economic growth affecting oil prices. Notable events driving significant price fluctuations include the 1973 OPEC oil embargo targeting nations that had supported Israel during the Yom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Of Combustion
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The ''calorific value'' is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon or other organic molecule reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water and release heat. It may be expressed with the quantities: * energy/ mole of fuel * energy/mass of fuel * energy/volume of the fuel There are two kinds of enthalpy of combustion, called high(er) and low(er) heat(ing) value, depending on how much the products are allowed to cool and whether compounds like are allowed to condense. The high heat values are conventionally measured with a bomb calorimeter. Low heat values are calculated from high heat value test data. They may also be calculated as the difference be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metal in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen, hydrogen or hydroxide. Rusting, the formation of iron oxides, is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This type of damage typically produces oxide(s) or salt(s) of the original metal and results in a distinctive orange colouration. Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term "degradation" is more common. Corrosion degrades the useful properties of materials and structures including strength, appearance and permeability to liquids and gases. Many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathodic Protection
Cathodic protection (CP; ) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded " sacrificial metal" to act as the anode. The sacrificial metal then corrodes instead of the protected metal. For structures such as long pipelines, where passive galvanic cathodic protection is not adequate, an external DC electrical power source is used to provide sufficient current. Cathodic protection systems protect a wide range of metallic structures in various environments. Common applications are: steel water or fuel pipelines and steel storage tanks such as home water heaters; steel pier piles; ship and boat hulls; offshore oil platforms and onshore oil well casings; offshore wind farm foundations and metal reinforcement bars in concrete buildings and structures. Another common application is in galvanized steel, in which a sacri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submerged Arc Welding
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a common arc welding process. The first SAW patent was taken out in 1935. The process requires a continuously fed consumable solid or tubular (metal cored) electrode. The molten weld and the arc zone are protected from atmospheric contamination by being "submerged" under a blanket of granular fusible flux consisting of lime, silica, manganese oxide, calcium fluoride, and other compounds. When molten, the flux becomes conductive, and provides a current path between the electrode and the work. This thick layer of flux completely covers the molten metal thus preventing spatter and sparks as well as suppressing the intense ultraviolet radiation and fumes that are a part of the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process. SAW is normally operated in the automatic or mechanized mode, however, semi-automatic (hand-held) SAW guns with pressurized or gravity flux feed delivery are available. The process is normally limited to the flat or horizontal-fillet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
