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East-west Traffic
In computer networking, east-west traffic is network traffic among devices within a specific data center. The other direction of traffic flow is north-south traffic, data flowing from or to a system physically residing outside the data center. Traffic As a result of virtualization, private cloud, converged, and hyper-converged infrastructure adoption, east-west traffic volumes have increased. Today many virtual functions including virtual firewalls, load balancers and other software-defined networking (SDN) perform various functions and services that previously ran on physical hardware. As these components relay data to each other, they increase traffic on the network, which can increase latency and cause network congestion. As disaggregated compute and storage becomes popular, east-west traffic volumes will increase. Traditionally, many data centers today deploy their systems using a fat-tree or CLOS topology. In this network topology, servers and appliances that host applic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Networking
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up of telecommunication network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies. The nodes of a computer network can include personal computers, servers, networking hardware, or other specialised or general-purpose hosts. They are identified by network addresses, and may have hostnames. Hostnames serve as memorable labels for the nodes, rarely changed after initial assignment. Network addresses serve for locating and identifying the nodes by communication protocols such as the Internet Protocol. Computer networks may be classified by many criteria, including the transmission medium used to carry signals, bandwidth, communications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Traffic
Network traffic or data traffic is the amount of data moving across a network at a given point of time. Network data in computer networks is mostly encapsulated in network packets, which provide the load in the network. Network traffic is the main component for network traffic measurement, network traffic control and simulation. * Network traffic control - managing, prioritizing, controlling or reducing the network traffic * Network traffic measurement - measuring the amount and type of traffic on a particular network * Network traffic simulation - to measure the efficiency of a communications network * Traffic generation model - is a stochastic model of the traffic flows or data sources in a communication computer network. Proper analysis of network traffic provides the organization with the network security as a benefit - unusual amount of traffic in a network is a possible sign of an attack. Network traffic reports provide valuable insights into preventing such attacks. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Center
A data center (American English) or data centre (British English)See spelling differences. is a building, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. Since IT operations are crucial for business continuity, it generally includes redundant or backup components and infrastructure for power supply, data communication connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression), and various security devices. A large data center is an industrial-scale operation using as much electricity as a small town. History Data centers have their roots in the huge computer rooms of the 1940s, typified by ENIAC, one of the earliest examples of a data center.Old large computer rooms that housed machines like the U.S. Army's ENIAC, which were developed pre-1960 (1945), were now referred to as "data centers". Early computer systems, complex to operate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North-south Traffic
In computer networking, north-south traffic is network traffic flowing into and out of a data center. Traffic Based on the most commonly deployed network topology of systems within a data center, north-south traffic typically indicates data flow that either enters or leaves the data center from/to a system physically residing outside the data center, such as user to server. Southbound traffic is data entering the data center (through a firewall Firewall may refer to: * Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts * Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building, designed to limit the spre ... and/or other networking infrastructure). Data exiting the data center is northbound traffic, commonly routed through a firewall to Internet space. The other direction of traffic flow is east-west traffic which typically indicates data flow within a data center. See also * Virtual priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtualization
In computing, virtualization or virtualisation (sometimes abbreviated v12n, a numeronym) is the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something at the same abstraction level, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources. Virtualization began in the 1960s, as a method of logically dividing the system resources provided by mainframe computers between different applications. An early and successful example is IBM CP/CMS. The control program CP provided each user with a simulated stand-alone System/360 computer. Since then, the meaning of the term has broadened. Hardware virtualization ''Hardware virtualization'' or ''platform virtualization'' refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running Arch Linux may host a virtual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Cloud
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user. Large clouds often have functions distributed over multiple locations, each of which is a data center. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and typically uses a "pay as you go" model, which can help in reducing capital expenses but may also lead to unexpected operating expenses for users. Value proposition Advocates of public and hybrid clouds claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid or minimize up-front IT infrastructure costs. Proponents also claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and that it enables IT teams to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable demand, providing burst computing capability: high computing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyper-converged Infrastructure
Hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) is a software-defined IT infrastructure that virtualizes all of the elements of conventional " hardware-defined" systems. HCI includes, at a minimum, virtualized computing (a hypervisor), software-defined storage, and virtualized networking (software-defined networking). HCI typically runs on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) servers. The primary difference between converged infrastructure and hyperconverged infrastructure is that in HCI both the storage area network and the underlying storage abstractions are implemented virtually in software (at or via the hypervisor) rather than physically in hardware. Because software-defined elements are implemented in the context of the hypervisor, management of all resources can be federated (shared) across all instances of a hyper-converged infrastructure. Description Hyperconvergence evolves away from discrete, software-defined systems that are connected and packaged together toward a purely sof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software-defined Networking
Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to network management that enables dynamic, programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring, making it more like cloud computing than traditional network management. SDN is meant to address the static architecture of traditional networks. SDN attempts to centralize network intelligence in one network component by disassociating the forwarding process of network packets (data plane) from the routing process ( control plane). The control plane consists of one or more controllers, which are considered the brain of the SDN network where the whole intelligence is incorporated. However, centralization has its own drawbacks when it comes to security, scalability and elasticity and this is the main issue of SDN. SDN was commonly associated with the OpenFlow protocol (for remote communication with network plane elements for the purpose of determining the path of network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Latency
Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the Latency (engineering), latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints. Engineers usually report both the maximum and average delay, and they divide the delay into several parts: * Processing delay time it takes a router to process the packet header * Queuing delay time the packet spends in routing queues * Transmission delay time it takes to push the packet's bits onto the link * Propagation delay time for a signal to propagate through the media A certain minimum level of delay is experienced by signals due to the time it takes to Data transmission, transmit a packet serially through a Data link, link. This delay is extended by more variable levels of delay due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Congestion
Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. A consequence of congestion is that an incremental increase in offered load leads either only to a small increase or even a decrease in network throughput. Network protocols that use aggressive retransmissions to compensate for packet loss due to congestion can increase congestion, even after the initial load has been reduced to a level that would not normally have induced network congestion. Such networks exhibit two stable states under the same level of load. The stable state with low throughput is known as congestive collapse. Networks use congestion control and congestion avoidance techniques to try to avoid collapse. These include: exponential backoff in protocols such as CSMA/CA in 802.11 and the similar C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fat-tree
The fat tree network is a universal network for provably efficient communication. It was invented by Charles E. Leiserson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985. k-ary n-trees, the type of fat-trees commonly used in most high-performance networks, were initially formalized in 1997. In a tree data structure, every branch has the same thickness, regardless of their place in the hierarchy—they are all "skinny" (''skinny'' in this context means low-bandwidth). In a fat tree, branches nearer the top of the hierarchy are "fatter" (thicker) than branches further down the hierarchy. In a telecommunications network, the branches are data links; the varied thickness (bandwidth) of the data links allows for more efficient and technology-specific use. Mesh and hypercube topologies have communication requirements that follow a rigid algorithm, and cannot be tailored to specific packaging technologies. Applications in supercomputers Supercomputers that use a fat tree network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Topology
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbusses and computer networks. Network topology is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network (e.g., device location and cable installation), while logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, or signal types may differ between two different networks, yet their logical topologies may be identical. A network’s physical topology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
