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E (Mongolic)
E is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Mongolian language * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha , , , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other ''tooth''-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (') and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (' and '), or position in syllable sequence (', ', '). * The final tail extends to the left after '' bow''-shaped consonants (such as ', ', ', and '), and to the right in all other cases. * = an Old Mongolian initial form, as in ' 'this' (otherwise written ). * Derived from Old Uyghur ''aleph'' (). * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. Ee * Stands in for ' in loanwords, such as in ' (Khalkha: ). Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Indistinguishable from ', except when inferred by its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolic Languages
The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in North Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas and in Kalmykia and Buryatia. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongol residents of Inner Mongolia, with an estimated 5.7+ million speakers. History The possible precursor to Mongolic is the Xianbei language, heavily influenced by the Proto-Turkic (later, the Lir-Turkic) language. The stages of historical Mongolic are: * Pre-Proto-Mongolic, from approximately the 4th century AD until the 12th century AD, influenced by Shaz-Turkic. * Proto-Mongolic, from approximately the 13th century, spoken around the time of Chinggis Khan. * Middle Mongol, from the 13th century until the early 15th century or late 16th century, depending on classification spoken. (Given the almost entire lack of written sources for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflexive Pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence. In the English language specifically, a reflexive pronoun will end in ''-self'' or ''-selves'', and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun (''myself'', ''yourself'', ''ourselves'', ''themselves'', etc.). English intensive pronouns, used for emphasis, take the same form. In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence. Different languages have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns, according to their structure. Origins and usage of reflexive pronouns In Indo-European languages, the reflexive pronoun has its origins in Proto-Indo-European. In some languages, some distinction exists between normal object and reflexive pronouns, mainly in the third person: whether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Mongol
Middle Mongol or Middle Mongolian was a Mongolic languages, Mongolic koiné language spoken in the Mongol Empire. Originating from Genghis Khan's home region of Northeastern Mongolia, it diversified into several Mongolic languages after the collapse of the empire. In comparison to Mongolian language, Modern Mongolian, it is known to have had no Vowel length, long vowels, different vowel harmony and verbal systems and a slightly different case system. Definition and historical predecessors Middle Mongolian closely resembles Proto-Mongolic, the reconstructed last common ancestor of the modern Mongolic languages, which dates it to shortly after the time when Genghis Khan united a number of tribes under his command and formed the Khamag Mongol. The term "Middle Mongol" or "Middle Mongolian" is somewhat misleading, since it is the earliest directly-attested (as opposed to reconstructed) ancestor of Modern Mongolian, and would therefore be termed "Old Mongolian" under the usual conve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pa (Mongolic)
Pa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Mongolian language * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha The Khalkha (; ) have been the largest subgroup of the Mongols in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos Mongols, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century. In cont ... . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial ' tend to be foreign). * Galik letter, derived from Mongolian '. * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. Clear Script Xibe language Manchu language Notes References {{Reflist Articles containing Mongolian script text Mongolic letters Mongolic languages Tungusic languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba (Mongolic)
Ba is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Mongolian language * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha , , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * For Classical Mongolian, Latin ' is used only for transcribing foreign words, so most (') in Mongolian Cyrillic correspond to (''b'') in Classical Mongolian. * Derived from Old Uyghur Old Uyghur () was a Turkic language spoken in Qocho from the 9th–14th centuries as well as in Gansu. History Old Uyghur evolved from Old Turkic, a Siberian Turkic language, after the Uyghur Khaganate broke up and remnants of it migrated ... '' pe'' (). * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. Clear Script Xibe language Manchu language Notes References {{Reflist Articles containing Mongolian script text Mongolic letters Mongolic languages Tungusic lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Da (Mongolic)
Da is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Mongolian language , - ! style="min-width: 1.75em" , ! style="min-width: 1.75em" , , ! style="min-width: 1.75em" , , ! style="text-align: left" , Transliteration , - , rowspan="2" , , — , ! style="text-align: left" , Whole , - , , ! style="text-align: left" , Initial * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Syllable-initially indistinguishable from '. When it must be distinguished from ' medially, it can be written twice, and with both medial forms (as in ' 'well', compared with ' 'holy'). Alternatively, a dot is sometimes used to the right of the letter in 19th and 20th century manuscripts. * The '' belly-tooth''-shaped form is used before consonants (syllable-final), the other before vowels. * Derived from Old Uyghur '' taw'' (; initial, ''belly-tooth''-shaped medial, and final) and ''lamedh Lamedh or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ang (Mongolic)
Ang is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Mongolian language * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letters . * Derived from Old Uyghur ''nun''-''kaph'' ( and ) digraph Digraph, often misspelled as diagraph, may refer to: * Digraph (orthography), a pair of characters used together to represent a single sound, such as "nq" in Hmong RPA * Ligature (writing), the joining of two letters as a single glyph, such as " .... * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. Clear Script Xibe language Manchu language Notes References {{Reflist Articles containing Mongolian script text Mongolic letters Mongolic languages Tungusic languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Na (Mongolic)
Na is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic languages, Mongolic and Tungusic languages, Tungusic languages. Mongolian language * Transcribes Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology, Chakhar ; Mongolian language#Phonology, Khalkha , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Distinction from other ''Mongolian script#Components, tooth''-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence. * Dotted before a vowel (attached or separated); undotted before a consonant (syllable-final) or a Whitespace character, whitespace. Final dotted ' is also found in modern Mongolian words. A dotted pre-consonantal variant can be used to clarify the spelling of ' in words of foreign origin. * Derived from Old Uyghur alphabet, Old Uyghur ''nun (letter), nun'' (). * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian (Unicode block), Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. Clear Script Xibe language Manchu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ga (Mongolic)
Ga is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic languages, Mongolic and Tungusic languages, Tungusic languages. Mongolian language , — , , } , , ! style="text-align: left" , Final ' * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian (Unicode block), Mongolian Unicode block, ' comes after ' and before '. * May turn silent between vowels, and merge these into a long vowel or diphthong. For more details on this, see Mongolian script multigraphs. ' * Transcribes Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology, Chakhar ; Mongolian language#Phonology, Khalkha , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Dotted before a vowel (attached or separated); undotted before a consonant (syllable-final) or a whitespace. * Derived from Old Uyghur alphabet, Old Uyghur merged ''gimel'' and ''heth'' (). ' * Transcribes Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology, Chakhar ; Mongolian language#Phonology, Khalkha . Transliterated into Cyrillic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
