|
EU Company Law
European organisational law is a part of European Union law, which concerns the formation, operation and insolvency of public bodies, partnerships, corporations and foundations in the entire European Union. There is no substantive European company law as such, although a host of minimum standards are applicable to companies throughout the European Union. All member states continue to operate separate companies acts, which are amended from time to time to comply with EU Directives and Regulations. There is, however, also the option of businesses to incorporate as a ''Societas Europaea'' (SE), which allows a company to operate across all member states. History There have been, since the European Community was founded in 1957, a series of directives creating minimum standards for business across the European Union. A central aim restated in each Directive is to reduce the barriers to freedom of establishment of businesses in the European Union through a process of harmonising ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Law
European Union law is a system of Supranational union, supranational Law, laws operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). It has grown over time since the 1952 founding of the European Coal and Steel Community, to promote peace, social justice, a social market economy with full employment, and environmental protection. The Treaties of the European Union agreed to by member states form its constitutional structure. EU law is interpreted by, and EU case law is created by, the judicial branch, known collectively as the Court of Justice of the European Union. Legal Act of the European Union, Legal Acts of the EU are created by a variety of European Union legislative procedure, EU legislative procedures involving the popularly elected European Parliament, the Council of the European Union (which represents member governments), the European Commission (a cabinet which is elected jointly by the Council and Parliament) and sometimes the European Council (composed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arte
Arte (, , ; ' ('), sometimes stylised in lowercase or uppercase in its logo) is a European Union, European public service Television channel, channel dedicated to culture. It is made up of three separate companies: the Strasbourg-based European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) ARTE, plus two member companies acting as editorial and programme production centres, ARTE France in Paris (formerly known as La Sept) and ARTE Deutschland in Baden-Baden (a subsidiary of the two main public German TV networks ARD (broadcaster), ARD and ZDF). As an international joint venture (an EEIG), its programmes focus on audiences in both countries. Because of this, the channel has two audio tracks and two subtitle tracks, one each in French language, French and German language, German. 80% of Arte's programming is provided by its French and German subsidiaries, each making half of the programmes. The remainder is provided by the European subsidiary and the channel's European partners. Selected p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ãœberseering BV V Nordic Construction Company Baumanagement GmbH
''Überseering BV v Nordic Construction Company Baumanagement GmbH'' (2002) is a European company law case, concerning the right of freedom of establishment. Facts Überseering BV, a Dutch company, was told that because its shares had been all acquired by two German nationals but it had failed to reincorporate under German law, it had no legal identity in Germany and could not, therefore, enforce a contract to develop land in Düsseldorf against Nordic Construction. German law took the view that companies should only be recognised as having legal rights under the law where their "real" seat was. This was Germany (as Überseering was "really" operating there), but it could not have legal standing unless it was first incorporated under German law. Thus, German law did not follow the "incorporation" view, that it would acknowledge legal standing according to a foreign law when a company was incorporated in the Netherlands. Überseering BV argued that this represented a restrictio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centros Ltd V Erhversus-og Selkabssyrelsen
''Centros Ltd v Erhvervs- og Selskabsstyrelsen'' (1999) is a European company law case, concerning the right of freedom of establishment. Facts Centros Ltd, a wine import and export business, was registered in the United Kingdom and applied in Denmark, where it traded, to register there. The Danish authority, Erhvervs- og Selskabsstyrelsen, refused on the basis that the company was attempting to circumvent the Danish requirement for companies to pay up a minimum of share capital. In Denmark this was 200,000 Danish kroner, while in the UK the minimum capital requirement was £1. The Danish registry justified its enforcement of the rule as a way to protect creditors and prevent fraudulent insolvency. Centros Ltd argued that it had the right to be recognised in Denmark under the provisions of freedom of establishment in the EC Treaty, articles 52, 56 and 58. The Danish court referred the matter to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Judgment The European Court of Justice held th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gebhard V Consiglio Dell'Ordine Degli Avvocati E Procuratori Di Milano
''Gebhard v Consiglio dell'Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano'' (1995C-55/94is an EU law case, concerning the freedom of establishment in the European Union. Facts A German lawyer, Mr. Reinhard Gebhard from Stuttgart, set up his chambers in Italy. He was a qualified lawyer in Germany. However, his previous experience in Germany was not recognized in Italy. Consequently, action was initiated against him for practicing law in Milan, Italy without due registration and authorization. Mr. Gebhard argued that this restriction violated the right to freedom of establishment granted under Article 49 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU). According to this right, an economic actor, person or undertaking is entitled to pursue economic activities in one or more EU member States without any impediments. Judgment The Court of Justice held that it should be evaluated whether the Italian rules erected an obstacle to freedom of establishment. See also *European Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Europaea
Association may refer to: *Club (organization), an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal *Trade association, an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry *Voluntary association, a body formed by individuals to accomplish a purpose, usually as volunteers * Non profit association, a body formed by individuals to accomplish a purpose without any profit interest *Collaboration, the act of working together Association in various fields of study *Association (archaeology), the close relationship between objects or contexts. *Association (astronomy), combined or co-added group of astronomical exposures *Association (chemistry) *Association (ecology), a type of ecological community *Genetic association, when one or more genotypes within a population co-occur *Association (object-oriented programming), defines a relationship between classes of objects *Association (psychology), a connection between two or more concept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Mutual Society
European, or Europeans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other Western countries * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the European Union ** European Union citizenship ** Demographics of the European Union In publishing * ''The European'' (1953 magazine), a far-right cultural and political magazine published 1953–1959 * ''The European'' (newspaper), a British weekly newspaper published 1990–1998 * ''The European'' (2009 magazine), a German magazine first published in September 2009 *''The European Magazine'', a magazine published in London 1782–1826 *''The New European'', a British weekly pop-up newspaper first published in July 2016 Other uses * * Europeans (band), a British post-punk group, from Bristol See also * * * Europe (other) * The Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Societas Unius Personae
A ''societas unius personae'' (SUP; Latin for "single-person company") was a legal form for a single-member private limited liability company proposed by the European Commission. However, the Commission withdrew the proposal in 2018 due to opposition within the European Parliament. See also * European corporate law **''Societas Europaea'' **''Societas cooperativa Europaea'' **''Societas privata Europaea A European Private Company (, SPE) was a legal form for a limited liability company proposed by the European Commission to be introduced across the European Union. It would have formed a company of limited liability, similar to the English limite ...'' References External links2014 Memo by the Commission European Union corporate law {{EU-law-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Societas Privata Europaea
A European Private Company (, SPE) was a legal form for a limited liability company proposed by the European Commission to be introduced across the European Union. It would have formed a company of limited liability, similar to the English limited company, the Austrian or the German GmbH, the Dutch BV, the Belgian BVBA or the French SARL. The aim of the proposal was to remove the current need for limited companies to reincorporate themselves in the corresponding legal form in all the EU member countries in which they want to trade, which represents a substantial administrative burden for small and medium enterprises. It was proposed that the SPE company form be introduced across the EU and EEA area from July 2010. The SPE was finally set to arrive in 2011 and is being slowed by the current ruling parties of Germany ( CDU) to allow their own national alternative (the mini-GmbH) to grow first. The SPE could facilitate starting new businesses and European Integration and would t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Political Foundation
A European political foundation, formerly known as a political foundation at European level,European political foundations were referred to as "political foundation at European level" in Regulation 1524/2007, which set up a framework for their public funding; they remained referred to as such in subsequent official documents related to funding. This label changed to "European political foundations" with the adoption of Regulation 1141/2014 of October 2014, and in all funding-related document following the entry into force of this Regulation in 2016. is a type of political foundation affiliated to, but independent from, a European political party, and operating transnationally in Europe and within the Institutions of the European Union, institutions of the European Union (EU). European political foundations carry specific political activities and are networks of national political foundations. They are regulated and funded by EU Regulation 1141/2014 on the statute and funding of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Political Party
A European political party, formerly known as a political party at European levelArticle 10.4 of the 2007 Treaty on European Union states that "political parties at European level contribute to forming European political awareness" and Regulation 1524/2007 of December 2007 establishes "the regulations governing political parties at European level and the rules regarding their funding". However, Regulation 1141/2014, adopted in October 2014, is "on the statute and funding of European political parties" and its Article 2 establishes a definition of "European political party". and informally as a Europarty, is a type of European political alliances, European political alliance recognised as a political party operating transnationally in Europe and within the Institutions of the European Union, institutions of the European Union (EU). They are regulated and funded by EU Regulation 1141/2014 on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
