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EO Wilson
Edward Osborne Wilson (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American biologist, naturalist, ecologist, and entomologist known for developing the field of sociobiology. Born in Alabama, Wilson found an early interest in nature and frequented the outdoors. At age seven, he was partially blinded in a fishing accident; due to his reduced sight, Wilson resolved to study entomology. After graduating from the University of Alabama, Wilson transferred to complete his dissertation at Harvard University, where he distinguished himself in multiple fields. In 1956, he co-authored a paper defining the theory of character displacement. In 1967, he developed the theory of island biogeography with Robert MacArthur. Wilson was the Pellegrino University Research Professor Emeritus in Entomology for the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, a lecturer at Duke University, and a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. The Royal Swedish Academy awar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fellow Of The Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science". Overview Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to :Fellows of the Royal Society, around 8,000 fellows, including eminent scientists Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Island Biogeography
Insular biogeography or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities. The theory was originally developed to explain the pattern of the species–area relationship occurring in oceanic islands. Under either name it is now used in reference to any ecosystem (present or past) that is isolated due to being surrounded by unlike ecosystems, and has been extended to mountain peaks, seamounts, oases, fragmented forests, and even natural habitats isolated by human land development. The field was started in the 1960s by the ecologists Robert H. MacArthur and E. O. Wilson, who coined the term ''island biogeography'' in their inaugural contribution to Princeton's Monograph in Population Biology series, which attempted to predict the number of species that would exist on a newly created island. Definitions For biogeographical purposes, an insular environment or "islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kistler Prize
The Kistler Prize (1999-2011) was awarded annually to recognize original contributions "to the understanding of the connection between human heredity and human society", and was named after its benefactor, physicist and inventor Walter Kistler. The prize was awarded by the Foundation For the Future and it included a cash award of US $100,000 and a 200-gram gold medallion. Recipients The recipients have been: *2000 – Edward O. Wilson *2001 – Richard Dawkins *2002 – Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza *2003 – Arthur Jensen *2004 – Vincent Sarich *2005 – Thomas J. Bouchard *2006 – Doreen Kimura *2007 – Spencer Wells *2008 – Craig Venter *2009 – Svante Pääbo *2010 – Leroy Hood *2011 – Charles Murray Walter P. Kistler Book Award The Walter P. Kistler Book Award was established in 2003 to recognize authors of science books that "significantly increase the knowledge and understanding of the public regarding subje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Sagan Award For Public Understanding Of Science
The Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science is an award presented by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) to individuals who have become “concurrently accomplished as researchers and/or educators, and as widely recognized magnifiers of the public's understanding of science.” The award was first presented in 1993 to astronomer Carl Sagan (1934–1996), who is also the award's namesake. Winners *1993: Carl Sagan, Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University *1994: E. O. Wilson, Curator, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University *1995: National Geographic Society and ''National Geographic Magazine'': Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor and William Allen *1996: PBS ''Nova'' and Paula Apsell *1997: Bill Nye, '' Bill Nye the Science Guy'' *1998: Alan Alda, John Angier, Graham Chedd, PBS '' Scientific American Frontiers'' *1999: Richard Harris; Ira Flatow, National Public Radio *2000: John Rennie, ''Scientific American'' *2001: John Noble Wilfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Prize For Biology
The is an annual award for "outstanding contribution to the advancement of research in fundamental biology." The Prize, although it is not always awarded to a biologist, is one of the most prestigious honours a natural scientist can receive. There are no restrictions on the nationality of the recipient. Past laureates include John B. Gurdon, Motoo Kimura, Edward O. Wilson, Ernst Mayr, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Yoshinori Ohsumi and many other great biologists in the world. Information The International Prize of Biology was created in 1985 to commemorate the 60-year reign of Emperor Shōwa of Japan and his longtime interest in and support of biology. The selection and award of the prize is managed by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The laureate is awarded a beautiful medal, 10 million yen, and an international symposium on the scientist's area of research is held in Tokyo. The prize ceremony is held in the presence of Emperor of Japan. The first International Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crafoord Prize
The Crafoord Prize () is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord following a donation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is awarded jointly by the Academy and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund, with the former selecting the laureates. The Prize is awarded in four categories: mathematics and astronomy, Geology, geosciences, Biology, biosciences (with an emphasis on ecology) and polyarthritis, the final one because Holger suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis in his later years. The disciplines for which the Crafoord Prize is awarded are chosen so as to complement the Nobel Prizes. Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics, then geosciences, then biosciences. Since 2012, the prizes in astronomy and mathematics are separate and awarded at the same time; prior to this, the disciplines alternated every cycle. A Crafoord Prize in polyarth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyler Prize For Environmental Achievement
The Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement is an annual award for environmental science, environmental health, and energy. Tyler Laureates receive a $250,000 cash prize and a medallion. The prize is administered by the University of Southern California and was established by John and Alice Tyler in 1973. It is regarded as the "Nobel for environment". History Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement was founded in 1973 by John and Alice Tyler and was launched by Ronald Reagan while serving as Governor of California. It was funded with a gift of $5 million by Jack Tyler and was initially administered by Pepperdine University. Laureates * 2025: Sandra Díaz and Eduardo Brondízio * 2024: Johan Rockström * 2023: Daniel Pauly and Ussif Rashid Sumaila * 2022: Sir Andrew Haines * 2020: Gretchen Daily and Pavan Sukhdev * 2019: Michael E. Mann and Warren M. Washington * 2018: Paul Falkowski and James J. McCarthy * 2017: José Sarukhán Kermez * 2016: Sir Partha S. Dasgup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes () are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher. Prizes in 2024 were awarded in these categories, with three finalists named for each: Each winner receives a certificate and $15,000 in cash, except in the Public Service category, where a gold medal is awarded. History Newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Pulitzer Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships. He specified "four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships". Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler. After his death on October 29, 1911, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4, 1917; they are now announced in May. The '' Chicago Trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leidy Award
The Leidy Award is a medal and prize presented by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It was named after US palaeontologist Joseph Leidy. The award was established in 1923 to recognize excellence in "publications, explorations, discoveries or research in the natural sciences", and was intended to be presented every three years. The award consists of a rectangular bronze medal (decorated with a bust depiction of Leidy) and an honorarium which was initially $5000. Laureates *1925 – Herbert Spencer Jennings *1928 – Henry Augustus Pilsbry *1931 – William Morton Wheeler *1934 – Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. *1937 – Edwin Linton *1940 – Merritt Lyndon Fernald *1943 – Chancey Juday *1946 – Ernst Mayr *1949 – Warren Poppino Spencer *1952 – G. Evelyn Hutchinson *1955 – Herbert Friedmann *1958 – Herbert Barker Hungerford *1961 – Robert Evans Snodgrass *1964 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Medal Of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral science, behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The twelve member presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science is responsible for selecting award recipients and is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF). It is the highest science award in the United States. History The National Medal of Science was established on August 25, 1959, by an act of the Congress of the United States under . The medal was originally to honor scientists in the fields of the "physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences". The Committee on the National Medal of Science was established on August 23, 1961, by Executive order (United States), executive order 10961 of President John F. Kennedy. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newcomb Cleveland Prize
The Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is annually awarded to author(s) of outstanding scientific paper published in the Research Articles or Reports sections of ''Science Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...''. Established in 1923, funded by Newcomb Cleveland who remained anonymous until his death in 1951, and for this period it was known as the AAAS Thousand Dollar Prize. "The prize was inspired by Mr. Cleveland's belief that it was the scientist who counted and who needed the encouragement an unexpected monetary award could give." The present rules were instituted in 1975, previously it had gone to the author(s) of noteworthy papers, representing an outstanding contribution to science, presented in a regular sess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon Cycle
Taxon cycles refer to a biogeographical theory of how species evolve through range expansions and contractions over time associated with adaptive shifts in the ecology and morphology of species. The taxon cycle concept was explicitly formulated by biologist E. O. Wilson in 1961 after he surveyed the distributions, habitats, behavior and morphology of ant species in the Melanesian archipelago. Stages of the taxon cycle Wilson categorized species into evolutionary "stages", which today are commonly described in the outline by Ricklefs & Cox (1972). However, with the advent of molecular techniques to construct time-calibrated phylogenetic relationships between species, the taxon cycle concept was further developed to include well-defined temporal scales and combined with concepts from ecological succession and speciation cycle theories. Taxon cycles have mainly been described in island settings (archipelagos), where the distributions and movements of species are readily recognized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
