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E-CellID
Enhanced Cell ID, E-CellID, or E-CID is a positioning feature introduced in rel9 E-UTRA ( LTE radio). The UE reports to the network ( ESMLC) the serving cell ID, the timing advance (difference between its transmit and receive time) and the IDs, estimated timing and power of the detected neighbor cells. The enodeB may report extra information to the ESMLC like the angle of arrival. The ESMLC estimates the UE position based on this information and its knowledge of the cells positions. Cell ID based methods were already possible before rel9. Enhanced cell ID aggregates together some already available measurements, some of them with increased accuracy requirements to improve the positioning accuracy capabilities. Technology Similarly to an OTDOA procedure, a E-CID procedure is initiated through the LPP protocol by the ESMLC, with a ''ECID-RequestLocationInformation'' request message. The UE performs and collects the necessary measurements, and reports them back using the ''ECID-Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positioning (telecommunications)
Mobile phone tracking is a process for identifying the location of a mobile phone, whether stationary or moving. Localization may be effected by a number of technologies, such as the multilateration of radio signals between (several) cell towers of the network and the phone or by simply using GNSS. To locate a mobile phone using multilateration of mobile radio signals, the phone must emit at least the idle signal to contact nearby antenna towers and does not require an active call. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is based on the phone's signal strength to nearby antenna masts. Mobile positioning may be used for location-based services that disclose the actual coordinates of a mobile phone. Telecommunication companies use this to approximate the location of a mobile phone, and thereby also its user. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell ID
A GSM Cell ID (CID) is a generally unique number used to identify each base transceiver station (BTS) or sector of a BTS within a location area code (LAC) if not within a GSM network. In some cases the first or last digit of CID represents cells' Sector ID: * value 0 is used for omnidirectional antenna, * values 1, 2, 3 are used to identify sectors of trisector or bisector antennas. In UMTS, there is a distinction between Cell ID (CID) and UTRAN Cell ID (also called LCID). The UTRAN Cell ID (LCID) is a concatenation of the RNC-ID (12 bits, ID of the Radio Network Controller) and Cell ID (16 bits, unique ID of the Cell). CID is just the Cell ID. The concatenation of both will still be unique but can be confusing in some cellid databases as some store the CID and other store LCID. It makes sense to record them separately as the RNC ID is the same for many cells, the unique element is the CID. A valid CID ranges from 0 to 65535 (216 − 1) on GSM and CDMA networks and from 0 to 26 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-UTRA
E-UTRA is the air interface of 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. It is an acronym for Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ( UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access, also referred to as the 3GPP work item on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) also known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) in early drafts of the 3GPP LTE specification. E-UTRAN is the initialism of Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network and is the combination of E-UTRA, user equipment (UE), and E-UTRAN Node B or Evolved Node B ( eNodeB). It is a radio access network (RAN) which is referred to under the name EUTRAN standard meant to be a replacement of the UMTS and HSDPA/ HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and beyond. Unlike HSPA, LTE's E-UTRA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA. It provides higher data rates, lower latency and is optimized for packet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LTE (telecommunication)
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/ EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. Because LTE frequencies and bands differ from country to country, only multi-band phones can use LTE in all countries where it is supported. The standard is developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and is specified in its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in Release 9. LTE is also called 3.95G and has been marketed as "4G LTE" and "Advanced 4G"; but it does not meet the technical criteria of a 4G wireless service, as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9 document series for LTE Advanced. The requirements were set forth by the ITU-R organisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMLC
Serving Mobile Location Center In GSM Networks, the SMLC is a network element that resides in the BSC (Base Station Controller) and calculates network-based location of mobile stations (handsets). The SMLC may control several LMUs (Location Measurement Units), which measure radio signals to help find mobile stations in the area served by the SMLC. It can calculate location using the TA (Timing Advance) method. The SMLC communicates with the GMLC {{context, date=January 2020 The Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) contains functionality required to support location-based service (LBS). In one public land mobile network (PLMN), there may be more than one GMLC. The GMLC is the first node a ..., which is the interface to external LCS clients.GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance - Second Edition p. 134 Notes GSM standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OTDOA
OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) is a positioning feature introduced in rel9 E-UTRA ( LTE radio). It's a multilateration method in which the User Equipment (UE) measures the time difference between some specific signals from several eNodeBs and reports these time differences to a specific device in the network (the ESMLC). The ESMLC based on these time differences and knowledge of the enodeBs locations calculates the UEs' position. Background In December 2008, due to regulatory requirements like the E911 Enhanced 911, E-911 or E911 is a system used in North America to automatically provide the caller's location to 911 dispatchers. 911 is the universal emergency telephone number in the region. In the European Union, a similar system exists known as ..., which require that it should be possible to locate UEs with a certain accuracy, a work item was proposed in the 3GPP TSG-RAN42 meeting. This proposed between others the study of the feasibility of OTDOA. OTDOA was mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise. SNR, bandwidth, and channel capacity of a communication channel are connected by the Shannon–Hartley theorem. Definition Signal-to-noise ratio is defined as the ratio of the power of a signal (meaningful input) to the power of background noise (meaningless or unwanted input): : \mathrm = \frac, where is average power. Both signal and noise power must be measured at the same or equivalent points in a system, and within the same system bandwidth. Depending on whether the signal is a constant () or a random variable (), the signal-to-noise ratio for random noise becomes: : \mathrm = \frac where E refers to the expected value, i.e. in thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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