|
Diwali (Jainism)
Diwali in Jainism marks the anniversary of '' Nirvana'' (final release) or liberation of Mahavira's soul, the twenty fourth and last Jain Tirthankara of present cosmic age. It is also celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of Diwali. Diwali marks the end of the year for the Jains and it likewise remembers the passing commemoration of their 24th Tirthankara Mahavira and his achievement of moksha. History Mahavira attained Moksha (liberation) on this day at Pawapuri on 15 October 527 BCE, on Chaturdashi of Kartika, as confirmed by ''Tilyapannatti'' of Yativrsabha. Mahavira, the 24th '' Tirthankara'' of this era, revitalised Jain dharma. According to tradition, the chief disciple of Mahavira, '' Ganadhara'' Gautam Swami also attained omniscience i.e. absolute or complete knowledge ('' Kevala Jñāna'') on this day, thus making Diwali one of the most important Jain festivals. Mahavira attained his nirvana at the dawn of the amavasya (new moon). According ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pawapuri
Pawapuri or Pavapuri (also called Apapapuri, meaning "the sinless town") is a holy site for Jains located in the Nalanda district of Bihar state in Eastern India. It is located about 19 kilometers from Rajgir and 101 kilometers from Patna, the capital of Bihar. Pawapuri is the place of Mahavira's ''nirvana'' and a pilgrimage site for Jains. See also * Jal Mandir *Nalanda Nalanda (, ) was a renowned ''mahavihara'' (Buddhist monastic university) in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India.Pawapuri Tour And Travel References Citations Sources * {{Patna Division[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirthankara
In Jainism, a ''Tirthankara'' (Sanskrit: '; English: literally a ' ford-maker') is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the '' dharma'' (righteous path). The word ''tirthankara'' signifies the founder of a '' tirtha'', which is a fordable passage across the sea of interminable births and deaths, the '' saṃsāra''. According to Jains, a ''Tirthankara'' is an individual who has conquered the ''saṃsāra'', the cycle of death and rebirth, on their own, and made a path for others to follow. After understanding the true nature of the self or soul, the ''Tīrthaṅkara'' attains '' Kevala Jnana'' (omniscience). Tirthankara provides a bridge for others to follow the new teacher from ''saṃsāra'' to ''moksha'' (liberation). In Jain cosmology, the wheel of time is divided in two halves, Utsarpiṇī' or ascending time cycle and ''avasarpiṇī'', the descending time cycle (said to be current now). In each half of the cosmic time cycle, exactly twenty-four ''tirthankaras'' grace t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratipada
Prathama is the Sanskrit word for "first", and is the first day in the lunar fortnight ('' Paksha'') of the Hindu calendar. Prathama is also known as ''Pratipada'' in West Bengal, Odisha and western India ( Maharashtra, Konkan, and Goa). Each month has two Prathama days, being the first day of the "bright" (''Shukla'') and of the "dark" (''Krishna'') fortnights respectively. Thus Prathama occurs on the first and the sixteenth day of each month. It is also known as Pratipad or Pratipada. Festivals * Gudhi Padva, the Marathi name for Chaitra Shukla Pratipada. It is celebrated on the first day of the Chaitra month to mark the beginning of the New year according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar. This day is also the first day oChaitra Navratriand Ghatasthapana also known as Kalash Sthapana is done on this day. * Govardhan Puja, a North Indian festival, occurs on Prathama in the month of Kartik. * Bali Pratipada, a South Indian and Maharashtrian festival, also occurs on Prathama in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saka Era
The Shaka era (IAST: Śaka, Śāka) is a historical Hindu calendar era (year numbering), the epoch (its year zero) of which corresponds to Julian year 78. The era has been widely used in different regions of India as well as in SE Asia. History There are two Shaka era systems in scholarly use, one is called ''Old Shaka Era'', whose epoch is uncertain, probably sometime in the 1st millennium BCE because ancient Buddhist and Jaina inscriptions and texts use it, but this is a subject of dispute among scholars. The other is called ''Saka Era of 78 CE'', or simply ''Saka Era'', a system that is common in epigraphic evidence from southern India. A parallel northern India system is the ''Vikrama Era'', which is used by the Vikrami calendar linked to Vikramaditya. The beginning of the Shaka era is now widely equated to the ascension of king Chashtana in 78 CE. His inscriptions, dated to the years 11 and 52, have been found at Andhau in Kutch region. These years are interpreted as S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harivamsa Purana
was composed by Acharya Jinasena in 783 AD. It is divided into 66 cantos and contains 12,000 slokas. The book aims to narrate the life of Neminatha, the twenty-second Tirthankara in Jainism. According to the Jain sources, Krishna is the first cousin of Tirthankara Neminatha. Therefore, Krishna's adventures too occupy a significant portion of the book. Harivamsa Purana suggests that Draupadi was married to only Arjuna as opposed to Hindu traditional accounts which suggests that she was married to all five Pandavas. Synopsis In general, all Jaina Harivamśa narratives go far beyond what one might consider to be fitting for the ''Harivamśa'', i.e. the story of Krishna and his relatives, or Mahabharata material. They consist of four larger parts: (1) ''Harivamśa'', including the story of Krishna, his ancestors and progeny; (2) ''Nemicarita'', the biography of the 22nd Tīrthankara, Krishna’s cousin; (3) ''Pāndavacarita'', containing the central narrative of the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deepavali (other)
Deepawali Diwali (), Dewali, Divali, or Deepavali (IAST: ''dīpāvalī''), also known as the Festival of Lights, related to Jain Diwali, Bandi Chhor Divas, Tihar, Swanti, Sohrai, and Bandna, is a religious celebration in Indian religions. It is on ... or Diwali is an ancient Indian festival. Deepawali or Dipawali may also refer to: * Dipawali (Jainism), a festival celebrated by Jain community * ''Deepawali'' (1960 film), an Indian Telugu mythological film * ''Deepawali'' (2000 film), an Indian Kannada film starring Vishnuvardhan and Ramesh Aravind * ''Deepavali'' (2007 film), an Indian Tamil film starring Jayam Ravi and Bhavana * "Diwali" (''The Office''), an episode of the American comedy television series ''The Office'' {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalpasutra (Jain)
Kalpasutra may refer to: * Kalpa (Vedanga) * ''Kalpa Sūtra The ''Kalpa Sūtra'' ( sa, कल्पसूत्र) is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, notably Parshvanatha and Mahavira. Traditionally ascribed to Bhadrabahu, which would place it in the 4th century BCE, ...'' {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amavasya
Amāvásyā () is the lunar phase of the new moon in Sanskrit. Indian calendars use 30 lunar phases, called tithi in India. The dark moon tithi is when the Moon is within 12 degrees of the angular distance between the Sun and Moon before conjunction ( syzygy). The New Moon tithi (called Pratipada or Prathama) is the 12 angular degrees after syzygy. Amāvásyā is often translated as new moon since there is no standard term for the Moon before conjunction in English. Meaning of Amāvásyā In Sanskrit, "amā" means "together" and "vásya" means "to dwell" or "cohabit". It also means "na" +"ma"+"asya" meaning to "na" = "No, "ma"=Moon, "Asya"="There" in turn meaning to There is no Moon i.e., Moon is not visible. In the ''pūrṇimānta māna'' Hindu lunar calendar used in most parts of the Indian subcontinent, the lunar month starts on the day following the full moon or '' purnima'' and therefore Amāvásyā always falls in the middle of the month. However, in the '' amānt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gautam Swami
Gautam Swami was the ''Ganadhara'' (chief disciple) of Mahavira, the 24th and last Jain Tirthankara of present half cycle of time. He is also referred to as Indrabhuti Gautam, Guru Gautam, Gautam Swami Ganadhara and Gautam Swami. Life Gautama was the senior-most of 11 ''ganadharas'' (chief disciples) of Mahavira. He had two brothers Agnibhuti and Vayubhuti who also became ''ganadhara'' of Mahavira. Other ''ganadhara'' were Vyakta, Sudharmaswami, Mandikata Mauryaputra, Akampita, Acalabharata, Metarya and Prabhasa. A stone pillar of Utaroda mentions Mahagiri as one of Ganadharas of Mahavira who had Utara as his chief disciple. In Jain traditional accounts, Gautama is believed to have gained '' Kevala Jnana'' (omniscience) immediately after the ''moksha'' (liberation) of Mahavira. He was succeeded by Sudharmaswami who is believed to have gained omniscience after a further 12 years. According to the elaboration of ''Debate with the Ganadhara'' by Jinabhadra, the learned Brahmin G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganadhara
In Jainism, the term Ganadhara is used to refer the chief disciple of a ''Tirthankara''. In '' samavasarana'', the ''Tīrthankara'' sat on a throne without touching it (about two inches above it). Around, the ''Tīrthankara'' sits the ''Ganadharas''. According to Digambara tradition, only a disciple of exceptional brilliance and accomplishment (''riddhi'') is able to fully assimilate, without doubt, delusion, or misapprehension, the ''anekanta'' teachings of a ''Tirthankara''. The presence of such a disciple is mandatory in the ''samavasarana'' before ''Tirthankara'' delivers his sermons. ''Ganadhara'' interpret and mediate to other people the divine sound (''divyadhwani'') which the Jains claim emanates from Tirthankara's body when he preaches. The monastic sangha of Jainism is divided into a number of orders or troupes called ''gana''s, each headed by a ganadhara. In 20th century, statues depicting ''Tīrthankaras'' and ''Ganadharas'' were unearthed in Mayurbhanj distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharma (Jainism)
Jain texts assign a wide range of meaning to the Sanskrit ''dharma'' or Prakrit ''dhamma''. It is often translated as “religion” and as such, Jainism is called ''Jain Dharma'' by its adherents. In Jainism, the word ''Dharma'' is used to refer the following: #Religion #Dharmastikaay (the principle of motion) as a dravya (substance or a reality) #The true nature of a thing #Ten virtues like forgiveness, etc. also called ten forms of Dharma Religion Usage of the word ''dharma'' in reference to the religion. Ahimsa as Dharma According to Jain texts, Ahimsa is the greatest Dharma (अहिंसा परमॊ धर्मः hiṃsā paramo dharmaḥ "non-violence is the highest religion") and there is no religion equal to the religion of non-violence. Dharma bhāvanā Jain texts prescribe meditation on twelve forms of reflection (''bhāvanā'') for those who wish to stop the influx of ''karmas'' that extend transmigration. One such reflection is ''Dharma bhāvan� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
