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Duke Of Spoleto
The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300). The first dukes were appointed by the Lombard king, but they were independent in practice. The Carolingian conquerors of the Lombards continued to appoint dukes, as did their successors the Holy Roman Emperors. In the 12th century, the dukes of Spoleto were the most important imperial vassals in Italy. From 1198, the Duchy became under the sovereignty of the States of the Church. They usually bore the title '' dux et marchio'', "duke and margrave" as rulers of both Spoleto and Camerino. List of dukes Lombard supremacy * Faroald I 570–592 * Ariulf 592–602 * Theodelap 602–650 * Atto 650–663 * Transamund I 663–703 * Faroald II 703–724 * Transamund II 724–739, first time * Hilderic 739–740 * Transamund II 740–742, second time * Agiprand 742–744 * Transamund II 744–745, third time * Lupus 745–752 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Spoleto
The Duchy of Spoleto () was a Lombards, Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard ''dux'' Faroald I of Spoleto, Faroald. Its capital was the city of Spoleto. Lombards The Lombards invaded northern Italy in 568 and began their conquest of the peninsula eventually establishing the Kingdom of the Lombards. Following the conquest of the north, the Lombards moved into central and southern Italy capturing the important hub of Spoleto in 570. In 572, the Lombards captured the northern city of Pavia after a siege of three years and established the first capital city of their new Kingdom. As time progressed, the captured territories were divided by the Lombard king among numerous dependent dukes. A Rule of the Dukes, decade of interregnum after the death of Alboin's successor (574), however, left the Lombard dukes (especially the southern ones) well settled in their new territories and quite independent of the Lombard kings at Pavia. By 575 or 576 Faroald I o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faroald II Of Spoleto
Faroald II (also spelled Faruald) was the duke of Spoleto from 703, when he succeeded his own father Thrasimund I. Faroald ruled along with his mother Wachilap. He attacked and took Classis, the port of Ravenna, but he was ordered to return it by King Liutprand. Faroald also founded and endowed the monastery of San Pietro in Valle at Ferentillo. In 724, Faroald's son Thrasimund rebelled against his father and put him in a monastery. References Sources *Paul the Deacon Paul the Deacon ( 720s 13 April in 796, 797, 798, or 799 AD), also known as ''Paulus Diaconus'', ''Warnefridus'', ''Barnefridus'', or ''Winfridus'', and sometimes suffixed ''Cassinensis'' (''i.e.'' "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, sc ...''Historia Langobardorum'' Translated by William Dudley Foulke. University of Pennsylvania: 1907. *Everett, Nicholas. ''Literacy in Lombard Italy, c. 568–774''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. . *Hartmann, Ludo Moritz. ''Geschichte Italiens im Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winiges Of Spoleto
Winigis, also spelled Winiges or Winichis (died 822), was the Duke of Spoleto (''dux Spolitanus'') from 789 to his death. He was sent by Charlemagne in 788 with Frankish troops to assist Dukes Hildeprand of Spoleto and Grimoald III of Benevento against a Byzantine invasion. In this, his first recorded action, he was successful, defeating the a Greek expeditinoary force led by Theodoros in Calabria in 788. Hildeprand, however, died on the campaign and Charlemagne appointed Winiges to succeed him in the Duchy of Spoleto. Winiges was appointed by Charlemagne to act as his ''missus dominicus'' in the Ducatus Romae and he was at Saint Peter's Basilica when Pope Leo III was assaulted on 25 April 799. It was then he who brought him to shelter in Spoleto until he could safely return to Rome. Winiges got involved in a war with Grimoald of Benevento, however, and was captured while being besieged at Lucera in 802. He was held captive for a year before being released in 803. While Leo I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildeprand Of Spoleto
Hildeprand (died in 789) was the Duke of Spoleto from 774 to 789. He married Regarde, daughter of Gotfrid. When Theodicius of Spoleto died fighting at the Siege of Pavia in 774, the Lombards of the Duchy of Spoleto elected Hildeprand their duke and quickly submitted to the Franks. Hildeprand fled to Rome before the Frankish host and did homage to Pope Hadrian I. However, the dispute between Charlemagne and Hadrian as to who had the proper suzerainty over Spoleto was solved in the Franks' favour over the next few years. In January 776, ''Hildeprandus gloriosus et summus dux ducatus Spoletani'' made a donation to the Abbey of Farfa dating it to the year of Charles' reign. This form was continued in 777 with language implicitly excluding papal suzerainty. In 775, Hadrian alleged that Hildeprand had joined a conspiracy of Hrodgaud of Friuli and Arechis II of Benevento, but there is no evidence of Hildeprand's involvement. Hildeprand remained a staunch opponent of the papacy the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodicius Of Spoleto
Theodicius was the Duke of Spoleto from 763 to 773. Though it is often stated that he died at the Siege of Pavia (774), he was still alive on 9 June 776, when Charlemagne confirmed the properties of the monastery of Farfa and Abbot Ingoald in the reign of his successor Hildeprand Hildeprand (died after 744), sometimes called the Useless, was the king of the Lombards from around 735 in association with his uncle, Liutprand. After Liutprand's death in 744, Hildeprand ruled in his own name until he was overthrown later that .... References Sources * Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and her Invaders''. Clarendon Press: 1895. *Costambeys, Marios. ''Power and Patronage in the Early Medieval Italy: Local Society, Italian Politics, and the Abbey of Farfa, ''c''.700–900''. Cambridge University Press: 2007. External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Theodicius of Spoleto 8th-century dukes of Spoleto 8th-century births 8th-century deaths Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gisulf Of Spoleto
Gisulf was the Duke of Spoleto from 759 to 761. In 758, Desiderius, after putting down a revolt of the Duke Alboin, took control of the Duchy of Spoleto The Duchy of Spoleto () was a Lombards, Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard ''dux'' Faroald I of Spoleto, Faroald. Its capital was the city of Spoleto. Lombards The Lombards invaded northern Italy in 568 and b ... until April of the next year, when he appointed Gisulf to govern the duchy in his name. Gisulf reigned until 761, when he died or was deposed. He was replaced sometime between September 762 and March 763 by Theodicius, another follower of Desiderius. References Sources * Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and her Invaders''. Clarendon Press: 1895. 761 deaths 8th-century dukes of Spoleto Year of birth unknown {{Italy-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desiderius
Desiderius, also known as Daufer or Dauferius (born – died ), was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm. Desiderius is remembered for this connection to Charlemagne and for being the last Lombard ruler to exercise regional kingship. Rise to power Born in Brescia, Desiderius was originally a royal officer, the ''dux'' of Tuscia and he became king after the death of Aistulf in 756. At that time, Aistulf's predecessor, Ratchis, left his monastic retreat of Montecassino and tried to seize the kingdom, but Desiderius put his revolt down quickly with the support of Pope Stephen II. At his coronation, Desiderius promised to restore many lost papal towns to the Holy See and even enlarge the Papal State. By 757, Desiderius began securing his power, taking what historian Walter Goffart terms, "vigorous steps to suppress resistance to himself in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alboin Of Spoleto
Alboin was the Lombard Duke of Spoleto from 757 to 758. He was chosen to be duke by the Spoletan nobility without the assent of the king. While Pope Stephen II was working to give the kingdom into the hands of Desiderius, he also worked to give the homage of the Duchies of Benevento and Spoleto to King Pepin the Short of the Franks. Alboin and Liutprand of Benevento commended their duchies to the Frankish king, who did not ask for it. Desiderius marched on and destroyed Spoleto and Benevento Benevento ( ; , ; ) is a city and (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato (r ... and Alboin was captured; Liutprand fled. Desiderius himself took up the exercise of ducal power in Spoleto. Sources *Hallenbeck, Jan T. "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century." ''Transactions of the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratchis
RatchisAlso spelled ''Rachis'', ''Raditschs'', ''Radics'', ''Radiks''. (died after 757) was the Duke of Friuli (739–744) and then King of the Lombards (744–749). Ratchis was the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and the nephew of the Lombard king Liutprand, who, despite his history of strife with Pemmo, appointed Ratchis to succeed his father in 737. Ratchis was married to a Roman woman named Tassia. During his rule of Friuli, he launched an expedition against the Slavs in Carniola, across the Eastern Alps, fighting in person during the battles. He became king of the Lombards in 744, after the deposition of Hildeprand, most likely with the support of the more autonomous Lombard dukes. Ratchis ruled initially in peace, in particular with the neighboring Byzantine-ruled exarchate of Ravenna. However, perhaps pushed by more traditional parties among his followers, in 749 he invaded the Duchy of the Pentapolis and besieged Perugia. Pope Zachary convinced him to lift the siege, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aistulf
Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; , ; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the ''Liber Pontificalis'', he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty. Biography Aistulf was born as the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and his wife Ratperga. After his brother Ratchis became king, Aistulf succeeded him as Duke of Friuli and later succeeded him as king, when Ratchis was forced to abdicate the throne. Ratchis entered a monastery thereafter. While Ratchis had been more tolerant with the Roman element of the Italian population, Aistulf followed a more aggressive policy of expansion and raids against the Papal States and the Eastern Roman exarchate of Ravenna. In 750, Aistulf captured Ravenna and all the provinces subject to the Exarchate, even declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unulf Of Spoleto
Unulf (or Unnolf) was possible a Duke of Spoleto briefly in 752. He is recorded to have reigned for a few years, but this is uncertain. Aistulf, the king, took the duchy into his hands sometime (either immediately or after a brief period corresponding to Unulf's reign) after the death of Lupus Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Common .... References Sources * Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and Her Invaders''. Clarendon Press: 1895. *Sansi, A. ''I Duchi di Spoleto''. 752 deaths 8th-century dukes of Spoleto Year of birth unknown {{Italy-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupus Of Spoleto
Lupus ruled the Duchy of Spoleto from 745 to 751. Richard Hodges, ''Light in the Dark Ages: The Rise and Fall of San Vincenzo Al Volturno'' (Cornell University Press, 1997), p. 27. He was relatively independent of royal authority. He made many donations to the Abbey of Farfa and had a close relationship with Abbot Fulcoald. On his death, the duchy was probably seized by Aistulf Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; , ; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman ... and then granted to one Unnolf for a brief spell. References Sources * Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and her Invaders''. Clarendon Press: 1895. {{Authority control 751 deaths 8th-century dukes of Spoleto Year of birth unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
