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Duduble Hawiye
The Duduble, also known as the Maxamuud Hiraab (Arabic: محمود هراب), is a Somali sub clan of the larger Hawiye. The Duduble like most Somali clans can trace their lineage back to Samaale the oldest common father of major Somali clans. Clan Tree and Distribution Presently, the Duduble is primarily represented in the regions of Galmudug and Banadir. The clan is youngest among Hiraab family. * The Hawiye ** Hiraab **# Duduble **## mohamed amal **## Aarsade **## Iijecle **## **## ''Habar Awradeen'' **## ''Maqlisame'' **## ''Ehli (Celi)'' **## ''Bisin'' **## ''Qadhoob'' **## ''Da'ud'' **# Habr Gidir **# Mudulood **# Sheekhaal History Pre Colonial Era The Duduble are a subclan of Hiraab and born to an Ajuran mother. The Clan was historically ruled by the chief Caaqil Siyaad Qaasim known as Caaqil Dheryodhoobe under 300 years ago or 8 generations ago (late 1600s till late 1700s) in the Nugaal area before famous wars and droughts compelled some to move south t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Somalia
The national flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954, and was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban. The flag was initially used within the Trust Territory of Somaliland before being adopted by the short-lived State of Somaliland and the Somali Republic. It is an ethnic flag for the Somali people; the flag's five-pointed star represents the five regions in which Somalis reside. History Beginning in the mid-19th century, areas in the Horn of Africa populated by Somalis were divided among Ethiopia, France, Britain, and Italy. Soon after the creation of the UN Trust Territory of Somaliland during 1950, the Somali Youth League persistently advocated for the creation of a national flag. This was rejected by Italian administrators of the Trusteeship until 1954, when a debate was opened in the territorial council. The SYL, being the most popular political organization in the country initially sought to use the Leagues flag but was rejected outright by rival parties. A deadlock e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheekhaal
The Sheekhaal (var. Sheikhaal, ), also known as Fiqi Cumar is a clan that inhabits Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and with considerable numbers also found in the Northern Frontier District (NFD) in Kenya. Overview Sheekhal traces its ancestry to Sheikh Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, also known as ''Fiqi Umar'', who in turn traced his lineage to the first caliph, Abu Bakr (Sayid Abubakar Al-Sadiq). According to the explorer Richard F. Burton, in his book ''First Footsteps in East Africa,'' the Sheekhaal are described as the only Somalis who maintain a tradition of genealogy not derived from Dir and Darood. They claim descent from "Caliph Abu Bakr" and asserted that their ancestor ''Khutab bin Fakih Umar'' crossed over from Al-Hijaz to the Horn of Africa. Fiqi Umar crossed over with his six sons: Umar the Greater, Umar the Lesser, the two Abdillahs, Ahmad and Siddik. Sheikh Ar-Rida is also regarded the patron saint of Harar.Siegbert Uhlig, ''Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N'', Volume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Somali Congress
The United Somali Congress (USC, ) was one of the major rebel organizations in Somalia. Formed in 1989, it played a leading role in the ouster of the government of Siad Barre in 1991. Following infighting, the USC later splintered into two wings, led by Muhammad Farah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Muhammad. Both Ali Mahdi and Aidid claimed to lead national unity governments, and each vied to lead the reconstruction of the Somali state. In an attempt to expand both their bases through alliances with other armed groups and political entities, Aidid's USC wing morphed into the Somali National Alliance (SNA) faction, while Mahdi's wing became the Somali Salvation Alliance (SSA). By 2000, with the establishment of a Transitional National Government (TNG), a process of disarmament was put in motion and some ex-USC leaders were incorporated into the new interim administration. History By the late 1980s, Barre's regime had become increasingly unpopular. The State took an increasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Civil War
The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups,Ken Menkhaus,Local Security Systems in Somali East Africa' in Andersen/Moller/Stepputat (eds.), Fragile States and Insecure People,' Palgrave, 2007, 73. including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the Somaliland War of Independence in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups Somali Rebellion, overthrew the Somali Democratic Republic, Barre government in 1991. Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum and turmoil that followed, particularly in the south. In 1990–92, customary law temporarily collapsed, and factional fighting proli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Isad Barre
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets in Islam, and along with the Quran, his teachings and normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born in Mecca to the aristocratic Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Buur District
El Buur () is a district in the central Galguduud region of Somalia. It is part of the Galmudug state of the Federal Republic of Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th .... References External links Duduble Districts of SomaliaAdministrative map of El Buur District Districts of Somalia Galguduud {{Somalia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor
A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the ancient Rome, Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Hobyo
The Sultanate of Hobyo (, ), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia,''New International Encyclopedia'', Volume 21, (Dodd, Mead: 1916), p.283. was a 19th-century Somali Sultanate in present-day northeastern and central Somalia and eastern Ethiopia. It was established in 1878 by Yusuf Ali Kenadid. In 1888, it became a protectorate of Italy and was eventually integrated in the colony of Italian Somaliland. Administration As with the Majeerteen Sultanate, the Sultanate of Hobyo exerted a strong centralised authority during its existence and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, and a professional army.''Horn of Africa'', Volume 15, Issues 1-4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p.130.Michigan State University. African Studies Center, Northeast African studies, Volumes 11-12, (Michigan State University Press: 1989), p.32. Like the Majeerteen Sultanate, it was another e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Yusuf Kenadid
Ali Yusuf Kenadid (, ; died 1927) was a Somali Sultan and the second ruler of the Sultanate of Hobyo. History Ali Yusuf was born into a Majeerteen Darod family. His father, Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid, was the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo centered in present-day northeastern and central Somalia. The polity was established in the 1870s on territory carved out of the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia). Helen Chapin Metz, ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', (The Division: 1993), p.10. Ali Yusuf's brother, Osman Yusuf Kenadid, would go on to invent the Osmanya writing script for the Somali language.In an attempt to advance his own expansionist objectives, Kenadid ''père'' in late 1888 entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his realm an Italian protectorate. The terms of the agreement specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanate's administration. However, the relationship between Hobyo and Italy soured when the elder Kenadid re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugaas
Ughaz (sometimes spelled ''Ugass'', ''Ugas'' or ''Ougaz'') is a traditional Somali title. It is primarily used by the Dir and Darod clans. Etymology According to Italian linguist Giorgio Banti, the term ''"Ughaz"'' is of Ethio-Semitic origin. However Djiboutian researcher, Ali Moussa Iye, states that the term ''"Ughaz"'' is composed of the two Somali terms ''"ul"'' and ''"gaas"'' meaning ''"the stick of the warrior’s chief".'' American archeologist, Julien Cooper, labeled ''"gas/gos"'' as a pan-Cushitic kinship root word with various reflexes such as ''"Ughaz"'' in Somali and ''"Gosa"'' in Burji. He later stated that this required further research. History After the downfall of the Adal Sultanate in the sixteenth century, the region descended into turmoil, which led to the establishment of the Ughaz. This figure was endowed with the authority to resolve conflicts among the different Somali clans, in addition to other responsibilities. According to I. M. Lewis, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaaq
The Isaaq (, , ''Banu Ishaq'') is a major Somali clans, Somali clan. It is one of the largest Somali clan families in the Horn of Africa, with a large and densely populated traditional territory. The Isaaq people claim in a traditional legend to have descended from Ishaaq bin Ahmed, Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed, an Ulama, Islamic scholar who purportedly traveled to Somaliland in the 12th or 13th century and married two women; one from the local Dir (clan), Dir clan.I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 22–23. He is said to have sired eight sons who are the common ancestors of the clans of the Isaaq clan-family. He remained in Maydh until his death. Overview Somali genealogical tradition places the origin of the Isaaq tribe in the 12th or 13th century with the arrival of the Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed, Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq) from Arabian Peninsula, Arabia. Sheikh Ishaaq settled in the coastal town of Maydh in mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merca
Merca (, ) is the capital city of the Lower Shebelle province of Somalia, a historic port city in the region. It is located approximately to the southwest of the nation's capital Mogadishu. Merca is the traditional home territory of the Bimal clan and was the center of the Bimal revolt. History Antiquity The city of Essina is believed to have been the predecessor state of Merca. It used to be an ancient Proto-Somali emporium city-state. It is mentioned in the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'', a Greek travel document dating from the first century AD, as one of a series of commercial ports on the Somali littoral. According to the ''Periplus'', maritime trade already connected peoples in the Merca area with other communities along the Somali Sea coast. Medieval Period According to the 12th-century author Al-Idrisi the Hawiye occupied the coastal areas between Ras Hafun and Merca, as well as the lower basin of the lower Shabelle river. Al-Idrisi's mention of the Hawiye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
