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Duan Jilujuan
Duan Jilujuan (段疾陸眷) (died 318) was a chieftain of the Duan tribe, Duan-Xianbei tribe during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. Succeeding his father as the Duke of Liaoxi Commandery, Liaoxi, he initially maintained the Duan's alliance with the Inspector of Youzhou (ancient China), You province, Wang Jun (Pengzu), Wang Jun, but following the Battle of Xiangguo (312), Battle of Xiangguo in 312, he reached an agreement with the Han-Zhao general, Shi Le to break off the alliance and withdraw from the conflict. Jilujuan remained neutral for the remainder of his reign, although his brother, Duan Pidi led a branch of their tribe on his own to continue resisting Shi Le. Life Early reign Duan Jilujuan was the son of Duan Wuwuchen, the head chief of the Duan tribe and the Duke of Liaoxi. It is not known when he succeeded his father, but his father was last recorded in November 310, and by December 311, Jilujuan was serving as the tribe's head chief. In Decem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duan Tribe
The Duan () was a tribe of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. They were a powerful tribe in the Liaoxi region and played a key role during the fall of the Western Jin dynasty. Unlike the Xianbei tribes of the steppe, the Duan were unique in that they were established within the borders of China. They ruled over their dukedom of Liaoxi and later established the Duan Qi state, although neither were considered part of the Sixteen Kingdoms. The tribe was conquered by the Murong-led Former Yan in 338, but remained politically influential as maternal relatives of the Murong. History Background The Duan tribe was founded within the Great Wall at Liaoxi Commandery, where the Wuhuan tribes once resided as vassals to the Han dynasty. Following their defeat at the Battle of White Wolf Mountain in 207, the power of the Wuhuan gradually declined as they were scattered and assimilated with the surrounding Han Chinese and Xianbei. The founder of the Duan trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebei
Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It borders Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong and Liaoning to the east, and Inner Mongolia to the north; in addition, Hebei entirely surrounds the direct-administered municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin on land. Its population is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu people, Manchu, 0.8% Hui people, Hui, and 0.3% Mongols in China, Mongol. Varieties of Chinese spoken include Jilu Mandarin, the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, and Jin Chinese. During the Spring and Autumn period, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (771–226 BC), the region was ruled by the states of Yan (state), Yan and Zhao (state), Zhao. During the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the region was called Zhongshu Sheng, Zhongshu. It was called North Zhili during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenyang
Shenyang,; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly known as Fengtian formerly known by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a sub-provincial city in China and the list of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Liaoning province. It is the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the 2020 Chinese census, 2020 census, also making it the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, and the second-largest by metropolitan population (behind Harbin). The Shenyang metropolitan area is one of the major megalopolises in China, with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan district (China), districts, the county-level city of Xinmin, Liaoning, Xinmin, and the counties of the People's Republic of China, counties of Kangping County, Kangping and Faku County, Faku. Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinzhou
Jinzhou (, zh, s= , t=錦州 , p=Jǐnzhōu), formerly Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the Liaoxi Corridor, which connects most of the land transports between North China and Northeast China, and is the economic center of western Liaoning. Located on the northern shore of Liaodong Bay, Jinzhou encompasses a coastline of , with the Port of Jinzhou being China's northernmost seaport. It is the fifth-most populous city in Liaoning, with a population of 2,703,853 (2020 census), of whom 1,524,362 reside in the built-up (or metro) area encompassing the 3 urban urban districts and Linghai City largely being conurbated. The total area under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou is , most of which is rural. History Jinzhou is an ancient city with over a thousand years of history. Originally known as Tuhe (), it was part of Yan in the Warring States period. Under the Qin dynasty, the maj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murong Han
Murong Han (died 344), courtesy name Yuanyong, was a Xianbei military general of the Former Yan dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was an accomplished commander under his father, Murong Hui, and was most known for his victory over the Yuwen tribe in the Battle of Jicheng in 319. After his half-brother, Murong Huang, succeeded their father in 333, he was forced to flee due to Huang's suspicion of him. For seven years, he served the Murong clan's rival tribes, the Duan and Yuwen, but was eventually welcomed back by Huang shortly after the latter declared himself Prince of Yan. Han was a vital figure in the early years of Former Yan as he played roles in the state's success against Goguryeo and the Yuwen. However, he soon caught the suspicion of Huang once more, and was finally forced to commit suicide. Service under Murong Hui Murong Han was born the eldest son of the Xianbei chieftain, Murong Hui through a concubine. Records describe him as having a heroic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murong Hui
Murong Hui (慕容廆, 269 – 4 June 333), courtesy name Yiluo (弈洛), was an Xianbei chief, formally known as Duke Xiang of Liaodong, posthumously honored as Emperor Wuxuan (武宣皇帝). In the Book of Jin, Murong Hui was described as tall, physically strong and having a beautiful appearance. Murong Hui had initially been a Xianbei chief who fought Jin forces during the late reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, Jin's founding emperor, but he submitted as a Jin vassal in 289. Under constant attack by fellow Xianbei chief Duan Jie () of the Duan tribe, he humbly sought peace with the Duan and married one of Duan Jie's daughters. From this union came Murong Huang (in 297) and two of his younger brothers, Murong Ren () and Murong Zhao (). During Murong Hui's rule as tribal chief, the Jin Dynasty's central government was in constant turmoil and eventually collapsed due to infighting and agrarian rebellions, the strongest of which was the Xiongnu state Han-Zhao. As a result, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuoba Liuxiu
The Tuoba ( Chinese) or Tabgatch (, ''Tabγač''), also known by other names, was an influential Xianbei clan in early imperial China. During the Sixteen Kingdoms after the fall of Han and the Three Kingdoms, the Tuoba established and ruled the Dai state in northern China. The dynasty ruled from 310 to 376 and was restored in 386. The same year, the dynasty was renamed Wei, later distinguished in Chinese historiography as the Northern Wei. This powerful state gained control of most of northern China, supporting Buddhism while increasingly sinicizing. As part of this process, in 496, the Emperor Xiaowen changed the imperial clan's surname from Tuoba to Yuan (). The empire split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei in 535, with the Western Wei's rulers briefly resuming use of the Tuoba name in 554. A branch of the Tanguts also bore a surname transcribed as Tuoba before their chieftains were given the Chinese surnames Li () and Zhao () by the Tang and Song dynasties respectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuoba Yilu
Tuoba Yilu (; died 316) was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, and first ruler of the Dai kingdom from 315 to 316. He was the son of Tuoba Shamohan (拓跋沙漠汗) and the brother of Tuoba Yituo and Tuoba Fu. In 295, Tuoba Luguan the chieftain of the Tuoba (a branch of the Xianbei) divided the territory under Tuoba control into three areas: a vast tract of land extending west from White Mountain (northeast of Zhangjiakou), to Dai ( Datong, Shanxi); an area from Shengle (south of Hohhot) and beyond; and a central area, which included north Shanxi and the region to its north. Tuoba Yilu would be named chieftain of the western area. As chieftain of the western Tuoba territory, Tuoba Yilu defeated the Xiongnu and Wuhuan to the west, gaining in this way the support of various ethnically Han and Wuhuan people, in addition to his own Xianbei people. In 304, Tuoba Yilu, along with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murong
Murong (; Eastern Han Chinese, LHC: *''mɑC-joŋ''; Middle Chinese, EMC: *''mɔh-juawŋ'') or Muren refers to an ethnic Xianbei tribe who are attested from the time of Tanshihuai (reigned 156–181). Different strands of evidence exist linking the Murong to the MongolsТаскин В. С. (1984)Материалы по истории древних кочевых народов группы дунху.Москва: Наука. p. 5. In Russian: ''"Мы в настоящей работе не имеем возможности из-за огромного по объему материала остановиться на монголоязычных племенах мужун и тоба."''Таскин В. С. (1992) ' Москва: Наука. p. 4. In Russian: ''"Мужуны по традиции относятся к этнической группе дунху, включавшей различные монголоязычные племена. Выбранные из дос ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuoba
The Tuoba (Chinese language, Chinese) or Tabgatch (, ''Tabγač''), also known by #Names, other names, was an influential Xianbei clan in early imperial China. During the Sixteen Kingdoms after the fall of Han and the Three Kingdoms, the Tuoba established and ruled the Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms), Dai state in northern China. The dynasty ruled from 310 to 376 and was restored in 386. The same year, the dynasty was renamed Wei, later distinguished in Chinese historiography as the Northern Wei. This powerful state gained control of most of northern China, supporting Buddhism in China, Buddhism while increasingly sinicization, sinicizing. As part of this process, in 496, the Xiaowen Emperor of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowen changed the imperial clan's surname from Tuoba to Yuan (surname 元), Yuan (). The empire split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei in 535, with the Western Wei's rulers briefly resuming use of the Tuoba name in 554. A branch of the Tangut people, Tanguts also bore a su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi Hu
Shi Hu (; 295 – 26 May 349), courtesy name Jilong (季龍), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wu of Later Zhao (後趙武帝), was an emperor of the Jie-led Chinese Later Zhao dynasty. He was the founding emperor Shi Le (Emperor Ming)'s distant nephew and adopted brother, who took power in a coup after Shi Le's death from Shi Le's heir Shi Hong. Due to Tang dynasty naming taboo, he is referred to as Shi Jilong (石季龍) in the ''Book of Jin''. Shi Hu was a talented general who rarely lost battles, and Shi Le relied on him heavily in his conquest of northern and central China. However, he was also exceedingly cruel in his military campaigns. After he became the ruler of Later Zhao under the title of "heavenly king" ('' Tian Wang''), he ruled the empire with a heavy hand, imposing heavy tax and labor burdens and spending much of his effort on constructing palaces and collecting concubines. When two of his crown princes crossed him on separate occasions, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kong Chang
Kong Chang ( 309–321) was a military general of China's Later Zhao dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was one of Shi Le (Emperor Ming)'s more active generals during Shi's career in the Han-Zhao dynasty as well as his early reign as Prince of Zhao. Kong participated in many battles against the northern vassals of the Eastern Jin dynasty, usually leading the vanguard with consistent success. Life According to the Sinologist Paul Pelliot's transcript of the ''Jin Ji'' (晉紀), collected in Luo Zhenyu's ''Mingsha Shishi Yushu'' (鳴沙石室佚書), it is likely that Kong Chang was from one of the nomadic tribes and not Han Chinese. In the transcript, he is not grouped in the list of Han Chinese that served Zhao such as Xu Guang and Cheng Xia. He may also be the same person as one of Shi Le's Eighteen Riders (十八騎), Kong Tun (孔豚), as tún (豚) used to be phonetically similar to cháng (萇). In 309, after Shi Le's conquered the commanderies of Julu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
