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Dráuzio Varella
Antônio Drauzio Varella (; born May 3, 1943, in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian physician, scientist, writer, and medical science communicator. Varella has often commented publicly on issues such as prison conditions, social welfare, government, literature, medicine, and skepticism, and has frequently debunked pseudoscientific medical claims. Varella was born in the Brás district of São Paulo to a family of Portuguese and Spanish descent and studied medicine at the University of São Paulo. While an undergraduate, he co-founded preparatory course Sistema Objetivo, where he taught chemistry for several years. The institution was later expanded into Universidade Paulista Varella received the 2000 Prêmio Jabuti for his book ''Estação Carandiru''. Career After his 1967 graduation, Varella specialized in infectious disease, studying under Vicente Amato Neto at the University of São Paulo and at the Hospital do Servidor Público de São Paulo. This work led him to develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo
São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the Americas, Americas, and both the Western Hemisphere, Western and Southern Hemispheres. Listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as an global city, alpha global city, it exerts substantial international influence in commerce, finance, arts, and entertainment. It is the List of largest cities#List, largest urban area by population outside Asia and the most populous Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers, Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The city's name honors Paul the Apostle and people from the city are known as ''paulistanos''. The city's Latin motto is ''Non ducor, duco'', which translates as "I am not led, I lead." Founded in 1554 by Jesuit priests, the city was the center of the ''bandeirant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Conditions
The rights of civilian and military prisoners are governed by both national and international law. International conventions include the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the United Nations' Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Rights and advocacy by country Asia * Prisons in India * Prisoners' rights in the Middle East ** Prisoners' rights in Israel *** Palestinian prisoners of Israel ** Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran *** Committee for the Defense of Prisoners' Rights (Iran) *** 2010 Iranian political prisoners' hunger strike for prisoners' rights * Human rights in China ** Penal system in China ** Laogai ** Xinjiang internment camps ** Notable prisons: *** Qincheng Prison *** Tilanqiao Prison * Penal system of Japan * Malaysian Prison Department ** Caning in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estação Carandiru
''Estação Carandiru'' ("Carandiru Station") is a 1999 novel-memoir by Brazilian physician and AIDS specialist Drauzio Varella. The story is based on Varella's time as a physician volunteering at Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo from 1989 up to the 1992 massacre which left 111 inmates dead, but is made up of fictionalized incidents and characters. With more than 500,000 copies sold, ''Estação Carandiru'' is one of the all-time best-sellers in Brazil and was adapted into the 2003 film '' Carandiru'' directed by Héctor Babenco. Varella is portrayed by Luiz Carlos Vasconcelos in the film. The book won the Brazilian literary award Prêmio Jabuti The Prêmio Jabuti (the "Tortoise Prize") is the most traditional literary award in Brazil, given by the . It was conceived by Edgard Cavalheiro in 1959 when he presided over the CBL, with the interest of rewarding authors, editors, illustrators, ... in 2000. The book, first in a trilogy, was followed by ''Carcereiros'' ("Jailer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during chemical reaction, reactions with other chemical substance, substances. Chemistry also addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds. In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both Basic research, basic and Applied science, applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant growth (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo (city)
São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the Americas, Americas, and both the Western Hemisphere, Western and Southern Hemispheres. Listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as an global city, alpha global city, it exerts substantial international influence in commerce, finance, arts, and entertainment. It is the List of largest cities#List, largest urban area by population outside Asia and the most populous Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers, Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The city's name honors Paul the Apostle and people from the city are known as ''paulistanos''. The city's Latin motto is ''Non ducor, duco'', which translates as "I am not led, I lead." Founded in 1554 by Jesuit priests, the city was the center of the ''bandeirant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brás
Brás is one of 96 districts in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Administratively part of the Southeast Zone of São Paulo, Brás is located immediately to the east of the historic downtown in the Subprefecture of Mooca. The district is an area of heavy industry with many factories and warehouses, known as a center of textile manufacturing. Two sets of railroad tracks cut across the district; the Brás rail station serves Metrô Line 3 (red) and three commuter rail lines operated by CPTM: Line 10 (turquoise), 11 (coral), and 12 (sapphire). Brás is famous for hosting the '' Feirinha da Madrugada'' informal street market. See also * Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo The Archdiocese of São Paulo (; ) is a Latin Metropolitan Archbishopric of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil. The Archdiocese has been headed by Odilo Scherer since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 21 March 2007, an appointment that ... References External links PortalBrás ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoscientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or unfalsifiable claims; reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation; lack of openness to evaluation by other experts; absence of systematic practices when developing hypotheses; and continued adherence long after the pseudoscientific hypotheses have been experimentally discredited. It is not the same as junk science. The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is widespread agreement "that creationism, astrology, homeopathy, Kirlian photography, dowsing, ufology, ancient astronaut theory, Holocaust denia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debunked
A debunker is a person or organization that exposes or discredits claims believed to be false, exaggerated, or pretentious. "to expose or excoriate (a claim, assertion, sentiment, etc.) as being pretentious, false, or exaggerated: to debunk advertising slogans." The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, exploratory or fringe areas of scientific, or pseudoscientific research. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "debunk" is defined as: "to expose the sham or falseness of." The ''New Oxford American Dictionary'' defines "debunk" as "expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief)". If debunkers are not careful, their communications may backfire – increasing an audience's long-term belief in myths. Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skepticism
Skepticism ( US) or scepticism ( UK) is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate. In such cases, skeptics normally recommend not disbelief but suspension of belief, i.e. maintaining a neutral attitude that neither affirms nor denies the claim. This attitude is often motivated by the impression that the available evidence is insufficient to support the claim. Formally, skepticism is a topic of interest in philosophy, particularly epistemology. More informally, skepticism as an expression of questioning or doubt can be applied to any topic, such as politics, religion, or pseudoscience. It is often applied within restricted domains, such as morality (moral skepticism), atheism (skepticism about the existence of God), or the supernatural. Some theorists distinguish "good" or mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicine
Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion, promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention (medical), prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, medical genetics, genetics, and medical technology to diagnosis (medical), diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, splint (medicine), external splints and traction, medical devices, biologic medical product, biologics, and Radiation (medicine), ionizing radiation, amongst others. Medicine has been practiced since Prehistoric medicine, prehistoric times, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
