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Dryptosauridae
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic ''Tyrannosaurus''. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia. If Megaraptora is part of Tyrannosauroidea, this would extend the distribution of the group to Australia and South America, and possible fragmentary remains of tyrannosauroids have also been reported from these continents. Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous skeletal features, especially of the skull and pelvis. Early in their existence, tyrannosauroids were small predator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryptosaurus
''Dryptosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of eutyrannosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived on the island continent of Appalachia approximately 67-66 million years ago during the end of the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period. ''Dryptosaurus'' was a large, bipedal, ground-dwelling carnivore that could grow up to long and weigh up to . Although it is now largely unknown outside of academic circles, the 1897 painting of the genus by Charles R. Knight made ''Dryptosaurus'' one of the more widely known dinosaurs of its time, in spite of its poor fossil record. First described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1866 and later renamed by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1877, ''Dryptosaurus'' is among the first theropod dinosaurs ever known to science. Discovery and species Up until 1866, theropods from the Americas were only known from isolated teeth discovered by Ferdinand Van Hayden during Geological Survey excursions into Montana. During the summer of 1866, workers from the West Jersey Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannosauridae
Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to fifteen genera, including the eponymous ''Tyrannosaurus''. The exact number of genera is controversial, with some experts recognizing as few as three. All of these animals lived near the end of the Cretaceous Period and their fossils have been found only in North America and Asia. Although descended from smaller ancestors, tyrannosaurids were almost always the largest predators in their respective ecosystems, putting them at the apex of the food chain. The largest species was ''Tyrannosaurus rex'', the most massive known terrestrial predator, which measured over in length and according to most modern estimates up to in weight. Tyrannosaurids were bipedal carnivores with massive skulls filled with large teeth. Despite their large size, their legs were long and proportioned for fast movement. In contrast, their arms were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santanaraptor
''Santanaraptor'' (meaning " Santana Formation thief") is a genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian), about 112 million years ago. Discovery The type species is ''S. placidus'', first described by Kellner in 1999. The species epithet refers to , who founded the Museu de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri. Description The holotype ( MN 4802-V) is a juvenile partial skeleton consisting of three caudal vertebrae with chevrons, ischia, femora, tibia, fibula, pes, and soft tissue. The fossilized tissue includes a thin epidermis, muscle fibers, and possibly blood vessels. Skin impressions under the left foot are also preserved, showing scales. It was unearthed in 1996 from the Romualdo Formation (Santana Group) in the Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. While primarily known from hindquarter elements, the individual represented by the fossil may have reached in length and in mass. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alioramini
Alioramini is a clade of long-snouted tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous epoch. It includes the genera '' Alioramus'' and '' Qianzhousaurus''. Although tyrannosaurids are known from a variety of places around the globe, alioramins are restricted to Asia in mostly Maastrichtian strata. Many of the fossils attributed to Alioramini are not from fully developed individuals. Description Alioramins are medium-sized tyrannosaurids, reaching around in length. They have a more gracile body plan as compared to most other tyrannosaurines. Alioramins have rather shallow snouts, a trait that is rather rare among tyrannosaurs but can be found in the early tyrannosauroid, '' Xiongguanlong''. Alioramins are unique when compared to contemporary tyrannosaurs from the same time, such as '' Tarbosaurus'' and ''Tyrannosaurus'', because most of the longer snouted tyrannosauroids, such as ''Xiongguanlong,'' were found in deposits dating to earlier times during the Cretace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teratophoneus
''Teratophoneus'' ("monstrous murderer"; Greek: ''teras'', "monster" and ''phoneus'', "murderer") is a genus of Tyrannosaurinae, tyrannosaurine Theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived during the late Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, (about 76.5 to 75.5 million years ago) in what is now Utah. It contains a single known species, ''T. curriei''. It is known from an incomplete skull and postcranial skeleton recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation and was specific name (zoology), specifically named ''T. curriei'' in honor of famed paleontologist Philip J. Currie. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Teratophoneus'' were first found in the Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. Later, fossils from the same formation were discovered and identified as the genus. Argon-argon dating, Argon-argon radiometric dating indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.1 and 74.0 million years ago, during the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period. This date mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raptorex
''Raptorex'' is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. Its fossil remains consist of a single juvenile specimen probably uncovered in Mongolia, or possibly northeastern China. The type species is ''R. kriegsteini'', described in 2009 by Sereno and colleagues. The genus name is derived from Latin ', "robber", and ', "king". The specific name honours Roman Kriegstein, a survivor of the Holocaust, whose son Henry Kriegstein donated the specimen to the University of Chicago for scientific study. While initially considered to have come from the Yixian Formation of China, dated to approximately 125 million years ago during the early Cretaceous period, later studies showed that such an early date for the fossil are unlikely, and given its extremely close similarity to juvenile tyrannosaurids of the late Cretaceous, it probably came from the Nemegt or similar formation. The specimen is a juvenile and many researchers now consider it to be a ''nomen dubium'', because the changes undergone b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanotyrannus
''Tyrannosaurus'' () is a genus of large theropoda, theropod dinosaur. The type species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' ( meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to ''T. rex'' or colloquially t-rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. ''Tyrannosaurus'' had a much wider range than other Tyrannosauridae, tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of geological formations dating to the latest Campanian-Maastrichtian Age (geology), ages of the late Cretaceous Period (geology), period, 72.7 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago, with isolated specimens possibly indicating an earlier origin in the middle Campanian. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids and among the last non-Bird, avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, ''Tyrannosaurus'' was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bistahieversor
''Bistahieversor'' (meaning "Bistahi destroyer"), also known as the "Bisti Beast", is a genus of basal Eutyrannosauria, eutyrannosaurian Theropoda, theropod dinosaur. The genus contains only a single known species, ''B. sealeyi'', described in 2010, from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico. The holotype and a juvenile were found in the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation, while other specimens came from the underlying Fossil Forest member of the Fruitland Formation. This dates ''Bistahieversor'' approximately 75.5 to 74.5 million years ago during the Campanian age, found in sediments spanning a million years. Discovery and naming The first remains now attributed to ''Bistahieversor'', a partial skull and skeleton, were described in 1990 as a specimen of ''Aublysodon''. Additional remains, consisting of the incomplete skull and skeleton of a juvenile, were described in 1992. Another complete skull and partial skeleton were found in the Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness, Bisti/De- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimera (paleontology)
In paleontology, a chimera is a fossil that was reconstructed with elements coming from more than a single species or genus of animal. In other words, they are mistakes or sometimes hoaxes made by paleontologists, putting together parts that do not come from the same organism. List of paleontological chimeras * "Archaeoraptor" * '' Avalonianus'' * '' Bagaraatan'' * '' Beipiaognathus''? * ''Dakotaraptor''? * '' Dalianraptor''? * '' Dravidosaurus'' * '' Eocarcharia'' * ''Kryptops''? * '' Kootenichela''? * '' Lametasaurus''? * '' Luchibang'' * '' Ornithopsis hulkei'' * Piltdown Man * '' Polacanthoides''? * '' Precursor''? * ''Protoavis'' * ''Saurophaganax?'' * "Teihivenator" * ''"Tylosaurus" capensis'' * '' Ultrasauros'' * ''Xenodens ''Xenodens'' (from Greek language, Greek and Latin for "strange tooth") is a potentially Nomen dubium, dubious extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It contains a single species, ''X. calminechari'' (From Arabic کال� .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagaraatan
''Bagaraatan'' (/'ba-ɣa-raa-tan/ meaning 'small' ''baɣa'' + 'carnivorous animal, beast of prey' ''araatan'' in Mongolian) is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Its fossils were found in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. ''Bagaraatan'' may have been around 3 to 4 metres (9.8 to 13 ft) in length. History The type species, ''B. ostromi'', was described by Halszka Osmólska in 1996. Initially, the post-cranial ( ZPAL MgD-I/108) skeleton had been described as "bird-like", while the skull was noted to exhibit features of several different theropod groups. The material that warranted this conclusion was later found to be a chimaera of two non-avian dinosaurs, with some of the post-crania (hand bones, left femur, tibiotarsus, and rib) being referred to an indeterminate caenagnathid, possibly '' Elmisaurus''. The material that is considered the holotype, which includes the mandible, axial skeleton, pelvis, and one pedal phalanx, likely indicates that ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appalachiosaurus
''Appalachiosaurus'' ( ; "Appalachian lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of what is now eastern North America. It was a basal member of the Eutyrannosauria clade meaning it was rather close in relation to the true tyrannosaurids such as ''Tyrannosaurus''. Like most theropods, it was a bipedal predator. Only a juvenile skeleton has been found, representing an animal approximately long and weighing , which indicates an adult would have been significantly larger. Fossils of ''Appalachiosaurus'' were found in central Alabama's Demopolis Chalk Formation. This formation dates to the middle of the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous, around 77 million years ago. Fossil material assigned to ''Appalachiosaurus'' is also known from the Donoho Creek and Tar Heel-Coachman formations of North and South Carolina in 2007. As well as the Ripley Formation in the Hannahatchee Creek in Georgia. Discovery and naming The type specimen was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiongguanlong
''Xiongguanlong'' ( ) is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod from the Early Cretaceous period of what is now China. The type and only species is ''X. baimoensis''. The generic name comes from Jiayuguan City (formerly called "''Xiong Guan''" or "grand pass") and the Mandarin word "''long''" which means dragon. The specific epithet, "''baimoensis''" is a latinization of the Mandarin word for "white ghost" in reference to one of the geological features of the type locality (nicknamed the "White Ghost Castle"). Discovery ''Xiongguanlong'' was discovered in the upper member of the Xiagou Formation of the Xinminbao Group at a locality nicknamed the "White Ghost Castle" which is in the Yujingzi Basin of Gansu, China. This is the same locality from which the holotype of the ornithomimosaur '' Beishanlong'' was recovered. It was discovered in and prepared in 2006 and 2007 by Mark Norell, Peter Makovicky, and a team of scientists from Beijing University. In their ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
