|
Donnerbüchse
The German term ''Donnerbüchse'' (plural: ''Donnerbüchsen'', formerly ''Donnerwagen'') means "thunderbox" and is the nickname for the four-wheeled, open, passenger coaches, built from 1921 onwards, that served with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft, Deutsche Reichsbahn. In contrast to their predecessors, they were made entirely of iron or steel. The name comes from the loud rumbling of these coaches as a result of their lack of damping. Even the immediate forerunners of these wagons were given the name despite their wooden construction. In the early days, they were also called ''Ackermann'sche Donnerbüchse'' ("Ackermann's thunderboxes") after the departmental head responsible for them in the Ministry of Transport. History Because the Deutsche Reichsbahn suffered from a great shortage of coaches following the ceasefire World War I reparations, reparations at the beginning of the 1920s, in 1921 new passenger coaches were built based on standard designs, the so-called ''Einheit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austauschbauart
The so-called ''Austauschbauart'' wagons were Germany, German railway vehicles produced from the late 1920s onwards which had common components built to agreed standards. Origin of the concept The German term ''Austauschbau'' ('interchangeable component manufacture') is a manufacturing concept. The idea was initially used in the field of mechanical engineering, but is now the basis for industrial mass production techniques. Fundamentals The basis of ''Austauschbau'' manufacture is that: ''Any quantity of part 'A' produced at different times and in different places, must match any quantity of a similarly produced part 'B' without further finishing being required.'' In short, it is a system of common, mandatory, standard production tolerances and fits that are specified for components, based on their function. To comply with the standards, special machines and tools are used that also meet precise tolerances. In addition, measurement tools and training are needed, to ensure com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austauschbau
The so-called ''Austauschbauart'' wagons were German railway vehicles produced from the late 1920s onwards which had common components built to agreed standards. Origin of the concept The German term ''Austauschbau'' ('interchangeable component manufacture') is a manufacturing concept. The idea was initially used in the field of mechanical engineering, but is now the basis for industrial mass production techniques. Fundamentals The basis of ''Austauschbau'' manufacture is that: ''Any quantity of part 'A' produced at different times and in different places, must match any quantity of a similarly produced part 'B' without further finishing being required.'' In short, it is a system of common, mandatory, standard production tolerances and fits that are specified for components, based on their function. To comply with the standards, special machines and tools are used that also meet precise tolerances. In addition, measurement tools and training are needed, to ensure compliance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Rail Transport In Germany
The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century. The earliest form of railways, wagonways, were developed in Germany in the 16th century. Modern German rail history officially began with the opening of the steam-powered Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-drawn Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long-distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839. Forerunners The forerunner of the railway in Germany, as in England, was to be found mainly in association with the mining industry. Mine carts were used below ground for transportation, initially using wooden rails, and were steered either by a guide pin between the rails or by flanges on the wheels. A wagonway operation was illustrated in Germany in 1556 by Georgius Agricola (image right) in his work '' De re metallica''. This line used "Hund" carts with unflanged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passenger Coaches
A passenger railroad car or passenger car (American English), also called a passenger carriage, passenger coach (British English and International Union of Railways), or passenger bogie (Indian English) is a railroad car that is designed to carry passengers, usually giving them space to sit on train seats. The term ''passenger car'' can also be associated with a sleeping car, a baggage car, a dining car, railway post office and prisoner transport cars. The first passenger cars were built in the early 1800s with the advent of the first railroads, and were small and little more than converted freight cars. Early passenger cars were constructed from wood; in the 1900s construction shifted to steel and later aluminum for improved strength. Passenger cars have increased greatly in size from their earliest versions, with modern bi-level passenger cars capable of carrying over 100 passengers. Amenities for passengers have also improved over time, with developments such as lighting, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' (), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history". Overview The company was founded on 1 April 1920 as the ("German Imperial Railways") when the Weimar Republic, which still used the nation-state term of the previous monarchy, (German Reich, hence the usage of the in the name of the railway; the monarchical term was ), took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states ('' Länderbahnen''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I Reparations
Following their defeat in World War I, the Central Powers agreed to pay war reparations to the Allied Powers. Each defeated power was required to make payments in either cash or kind. Because of the financial situation in Austria, Hungary, and Turkey after the war, few to no reparations were paid and the requirements for reparations were cancelled. Bulgaria, having paid only a fraction of what was required, saw its reparation figure reduced and then cancelled. Historians have recognized the German requirement to pay reparations as the "chief battleground of the post-war era" and "the focus of the power struggle between France and Germany over whether the Versailles Treaty was to be enforced or revised." The Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) and the 1921 London Schedule of Payments required the Central Powers to pay 132 billion gold marks at the time which is US$605. billion in 2025) in reparations to cover civilian damage caused during the war. This figure was divide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baggage Car
A passenger railroad car or passenger car (American English), also called a passenger carriage, passenger coach (British English and International Union of Railways), or passenger bogie (Indian English) is a railroad car that is designed to carry passengers, usually giving them space to sit on train seats. The term ''passenger car'' can also be associated with a sleeping car, a baggage car, a dining car, railway post office and prisoner transport cars. The first passenger cars were built in the early 1800s with the advent of the first railroads, and were small and little more than converted freight cars. Early passenger cars were constructed from wood; in the 1900s construction shifted to steel and later aluminum for improved strength. Passenger cars have increased greatly in size from their earliest versions, with modern bi-level passenger cars capable of carrying over 100 passengers. Amenities for passengers have also improved over time, with developments such as lighti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Railway Wagon Classes
The system of German railway wagon classes (''Wagengattungen'') was introduced in Germany in 1902 and 1905 by the Prussian state railways based on their system of norms, and was soon taken up by the other state railways ('' Länderbahnen''). On the formation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the system became mandatory across the whole of Germany. In the course of the years more and more adjustments to it were made. It was finally replaced between 1964 and 1968 when the two German railway administrations - the Deutsche Bundesbahn and the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) - adopted the internationally standard UIC classifications for passenger coaches and goods wagons. Today, the system is still regularly being used for narrow gauge goods wagons, because these were not generally given UIC designations, as well as on many historical vehicles. The wagon class comprises one or more ''main class letters'' (''Hauptgattungszeichen'') (in capitals, sometimes with lower case letters in betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Losheim CCitr
Losheim am See is a municipality in the district Merzig-Wadern, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated on the southern ridge of the Hunsrück, approximately 10 kilometers northeast of Merzig, and 35 kilometers northwest of Saarbrücken. In 1974 a reservoir was created in the north of Losheim that has become a popular spot for recreational activities such as hiking and swimming. Losheim am See is twinned with the following municipalities: *Capannori, Italy *Lacroix-Saint-Ouen, France *Copargo, Benin * Bokungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo * Mount Gilead, North Carolina, United States Municipal organization The municipality is composed of 12 villages: Bachem, Bergen, Britten, Hausbach, Losheim, Mitlosheim, Niederlosheim, Rimlingen, Rissenthal, Scheiden, Wahlen Wahlen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Geography Wahlen has an area, , of . Of this area, or 55.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn (, ) or DB () was formed as the state railway of the newly established West Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn, which came into existence on 1 January 1994. Background After World War II, each of the military governments of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany were ''de facto'' in charge of the German railways in their respective territories. On 10 October 1946, the railways in the British and American occupation zones formed the ''Deutsche Reichsbahn im Vereinigten Wirtschaftsgebiet'' (German Imperial Railway in the united economic area), while on 25 June 1947, the provinces under French occupation formed the Südwestdeutsche Eisenbahn. With the formation of the FRG these successor organisations of the DRG were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
