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Doma Cathedral
Riga Cathedral (; ) formally The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary, is the Evangelical Lutheran cathedral in Riga, Latvia. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Riga. The cathedral is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Latvia, and is featured in or the subject of paintings, photographs and television travelogues. Like all of the oldest churches of the city, it is known for its weathercock. The church is commonly called the Dome Cathedral, a pleonasm as the word 'Dome' comes from the German '' Dom'' meaning 'cathedral'. History and architecture The church was built near the River Daugava in 1211 by Livonian Bishop Albert of Riga, who came from Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany. It is considered the largest medieval church in the Baltic states. It has undergone many modifications in the course of its history. David Caspari was rector of the cathedral school in the late 17th century. His son Georg Caspari also served at the cathedral. Following a 1923 referendum the Luth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riga Castle
Riga Castle () is a castle on the banks of River Daugava in Riga, the capital of Latvia. The castle was founded in 1330. Its structure was thoroughly rebuilt between 1497 and 1515. Upon the castle's seizure by the Swedes, they constructed spacious annexes in 1641. The fortress was continually augmented and reconstructed between the 17th and 19th centuries. Sometime in the 1930s, some renovation work was done by architect Eižens Laube. The Latvian government declared the castle its residence in 1938. Today it is the official residence of the President of Latvia as well as home to several museums. History The castle was built based on a treaty between Riga and the Livonian Order, who consisted of the remainders of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and were by then part of the Teutonic Order, German Order – in the 13th century Rigans had rebelled against the Order and demolished its original castle in the centre of the town. Due to constant conflict with Rigans the Order chose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Caspari
David Caspari (5 March 1648 – 28 February 1702) was a German Lutheran theologian. He was the father of Georg Caspari. Born in Königsberg, Duchy of Prussia, Caspari studied at the Albertina and the universities of Jena, Wittenberg, Leipzig, Altdorf, Strassburg, and Helmstedt. He became sub-inspector at the Albertina in 1676. Two years later he was appointed rector of Riga Cathedral's school. Caspari died in Riga as the school's superintendent. Works *''De Vita Dei, Qualis ea sit ex Mente Graecorum et Potissimum Aristotelis'' (Jena, 1673) *''De Quaestione an Virtus Cadat in Deum'' (Königsberg, 1677) *''De Futuri Theologi Studiis Philologicis et Philosophicis'' (edited by Georg Caspari, 1705) *''Breviarium Theologiae Moralis'' (edited by Georg Caspari, 1712) References *John McClintock. ''Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature''. Harper and Brothers. New York. 188*Johann Friedrich von Recke, Karl Eduard von Napiersky. ''Allgemeines Schriftstelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolter Von Plettenberg
Wolter or Walter von Plettenberg ( – February 28, 1535) was Master (''Teutonic Order#Landmeister, Landmeister'') of the Livonian Order from 1494 to 1535, and one of the greatest leaders of the Teutonic Knights. He was an important early Baltic German. Biography Wolter von Plettenberg was born in Welver (in Meyerich Castle), Westphalia. Belonging to the House of Plettenberg, he was the first child of his father Berthold von Plettenberg and his mother Gosteke Lappe, but had at least seven siblings. He went to work at the Fort of Narva at the age of ten and joined the Teutonic Order when he was about 14. In 1489, he was elected as a marshal of the Order (''Landmarschall''). In 1491, he fought successfully against the city of Riga and was elected as master in 1494. That same year, Grand Duchy of Moscow, Moscow closed down the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic office in Novgorod and imprisoned Hanseatic merchants there (most of them Livonians). Livonia was drifting into war with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecumenical
Ecumenism ( ; alternatively spelled oecumenism)also called interdenominationalism, or ecumenicalismis the concept and principle that Christians who belong to different Christian denominations should work together to develop closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity. The adjective ''ecumenical'' is thus applied to any non-denominational or inter-denominational initiative which encourages greater cooperation and union among Christian denominations and churches. Ecumenical dialogue is a central feature of contemporary ecumenism. The fact that all Christians belonging to mainstream Christian denominations profess faith in Jesus, believe that the Bible is inspired by God, and receive baptism according to the Trinitarian formula is seen as being a basis for ecumenism and its goal of Christian unity. Ecumenists cite as the biblical grounds of striving for church unity, in which Jesus prays " may all be one" in order "that the world may know" and believe t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uģis Prauliņš
Uģis Prauliņš (; born 17 June 1957) is a Latvian composer whose choral work ''Missa Rigensis'' (Riga Mass) was recorded by the Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge, the Riga Cathedral Boys Choir, Youth Choir BALSIS and has been performed in several locations around the world, amongst those Canada, France, England. Background Uģis Prauliņš was born in Riga and studied at the Emīls Dārziņš Music School from 1963 to 1974. Later, he studied conducting and pedagogy at the Latvian Academy of Music from 1977 to 1982, where he also studied composition with Jānis Ivanovs in 1982–83 and Ģederts Ramans from 1984 to 1989 and piano with Valda Kalnina from 1977 to 1982 and 1984–89. As a keyboardist, he was active as a rock musician in the progressive rock group Salve in the 1970s and in the folk-/progressive-rock group Vecās mājas in the 1980s. Selected works His album ''Pagānu gadagrāmata'' (Pagan Yearbook), was recorded with the band Iļģi with guest appearances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lūcija Garūta
Lūcija Garūta (14 May 1902 – 15 February 1977) was a Latvian people, Latvian pianist, poet and composer. She is mostly known for composing the cantata ''Dievs, Tava zeme deg!'' in 1943. Life and career Lūcija Garūta was born in Riga (at the time Russian Empire) in the family of an accountant. From 1919 to 1925, she studied at the Latvian Conservatory with professor Jāzeps Vītols for piano and others including Jānis Mediņš, and . During her studies she was the pianist répétiteur at the Latvian National Opera. After graduation, she worked at Latvijas Radio, Riga Radio from 1925 to 1926. In 1926 she took a position teaching music theory and piano at the . In 1926 she also continued her studies with Alfred Cortot, Isidor Philipp and Paul Le Flem, and in 1928 she studied composition with Paul Dukas at the Paris École Normale de Musique de Paris, École Normale de Musique. In 1926 she made her debut in Paris, and afterwards became active as a composer, holding concerts wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a total area of nearly , it is the third-largest German state by both List of German states by area, area (behind Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and List of German states by population, population (behind North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria). The List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart, followed by Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Other major cities are Freiburg im Breisgau, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Konstanz, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, Tübingen, and Ulm. Modern Baden-Württemberg includes the historical territories of Baden, Prussian Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, and Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg became a state of West Germany in April 1952 through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg (; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Ludisburg'') is a Cities of Germany, city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg (district), Ludwigsburg district with about 94,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the Stuttgart (region), administrative region (''Regierungsbezirk'') of Stuttgart. History The middle of Neckarland, where Ludwigsburg lies, was settled in the Stone Age, Stone and Bronze Ages. Numerous archaeology, archaeological sites from the Hallstatt culture, Hallstatt period remain in the city and surrounding area. Towards the end of the 1st century, the area was occupied by the Ancient Rome, Romans. They pushed the Upper Germanic Limes, Limes further to the east around 150 and controlled the region until 260, when the Alamanni occupied the Neckarland. Evidence of the Alamanni settlement can be found in grave si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walcker Orgelbau
Walcker Orgelbau (also known as E. F. Walcker & Cie.) of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is a builder of pipe organs. It was founded in Cannstatt, a suburb of Stuttgart in 1780 by . His son Eberhard Friedrich Walcker moved the business to Ludwigsburg in 1820. Walcker first became famous for the organ it built in the Paulskirche, Frankfurt, in 1833, which had 74 stops. Other important commissions followed rapidly, and Walcker became a pioneer of the " symphonic organ" style in Germany. Known for distinguished installations and low output, the company built the organ in the Boston Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, Zagreb Cathedral in Zagreb, Croatia, University of Latvia, Riga Cathedral and Church of Luther in Riga, Latvia. The Boston instrument is now at the Methuen Memorial Music Hall in Methuen, MA. The largest Walcker organ in the world had 220 stops and over sixteen thousand pipes. It was built in 1930s for a state congress hall in Nuremberg and was destroyed b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Museum Of The History Of Riga And Navigation
Museum of the History of Riga and Navigation () is housed by the Riga Dom Cathedral ensemble in the heart of the Old Riga, Latvia. It originated in 1773 as a private collection of Nikolaus von Himsel, a Riga doctor. It is the oldest museum in the Baltic States. Being one of the oldest museums in Europe, over the centuries it has grown into the largest collection of material evidence of the history of Riga. The Premises During the reconstruction of the Riga Dom Cathedral in the 1890s, part of the former monastery was converted to serve the needs of the Dom Museum. It is the first building in the history of Riga to have been built for a museum, and the inscription on the museum front bears testimony to this. Within the premises there is the Column Hall, built in 1778 in the Classicism style, which housed the library until 1891. The hall is now being used for conferences and a historical 18th—19th centuries exhibition. The Column Hall faces the 13th century groin vaulted gall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1931 Latvian Riga Cathedral Referendum
A referendum on the transfer of Riga Cathedral to the Lutheran Church was held in Latvia on 5 and 6 September 1931.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 Following a 1923 referendum the Lutheran Church had been forced to share the cathedral with the Roman Catholic Church.Hiden, J (2004) ''Defender of minorities: Paul Schiemann, 1876-1944'', p92 The referendum was passed by a large margin, and despite a voter turnout of only 32%, the government decided to proceed with the legislation.Nohlen & Stöver, p1135 The outcome of the referendum led to an increase in the popularity of civic parties in the parliamentary elections A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections ... in October. Results References {{Latvian elections 1931 r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
