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Dolfuss
Engelbert Dollfuss (alternatively Dollfuß; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician and dictator who served as chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. This crisis culminated in the self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament, a coup sparked by the resignation of the presiding officers of the National Council. Suppressing the Socialist movement in the Austrian Civil War and later banning the Austrian Nazi Party, he cemented his rule through the '' First of May Constitution'' in 1934. Later that year, Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's Anschluss in 1938. Early life Dollfuss was born to a poor, peasant family in the hamlet of Great Maierhof in the commune of St. Gotthard near Texingtal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alwine Dollfuß
Alwine Dollfuss (Alternatively Dollfuß; née Glienke; 12 February 1897 – 25 February 1973) was the wife of former Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss. At the time of his murder, she was in Italy with Benito Mussolini, who allowed her the use of his private plane to hurry back to Austria. She is buried in Hietzinger Cemetery next to her husband, and two of her children; Hannerl and Eva. She was also satirized in Brecht's ''The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui'' in 1941 as the character 'Betty Dullfeet'. From 1946 to 1957, Dollfuß lived in Truro, Nova Scotia in Canada together with her two children. Biography From farmers' daughter to Chancellor's wife Alwine Glienke was born in 1897 in the former Prussian Province of Pomerania (now the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland), into modest circumstances as one of fourteen children. At the age of 15, she left her parental home and took up employment as a cashier in Danzig (present-day Gdańsk). Dissatisfied with this position, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Dollfuss Government
The Second Dollfuss government was the cabinet of Austria under Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss Engelbert Dollfuss (alternatively Dollfuß; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician and dictator who served as chancellor of Federal State of Austria, Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and ... from 21 September 1933 to 25 July 1934. The government ended following the assassination of Dollfuss. Ministers References {{Cabinets of Austria Politics of Austria Austrian governments Cabinets established in 1933 1933 establishments in Austria 1934 disestablishments in Austria Government 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-elimination Of The Austrian Parliament
The self-elimination of Parliament () was a constitutional crisis in the First Austrian Republic caused by the resignation on March 4, 1933, of all three presidents of the National Council, the more powerful house of the Austrian Parliament. The National Council was left without a presiding officer, when all three chairmen resigned to try to tip the balance in a knife-edge vote. The law had no mechanism for the National Council to operate without a president, and Engelbert Dollfuss, the Chancellor, stated that Parliament had eliminated itself and that his government had the authority to rule by decree under emergency provisions dating from the First World War. This was a decisive step in the transition from a democratic republic to the authoritarian and quasi-fascist Federal State of Austria, as opposition attempts to reconstitute the National Council were unsuccessful. Events of March 4, 1933 When railway workers learned that their salaries were going to be paid in three inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal State Of Austria
The Federal State of Austria (; colloquially known as the "") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ..., Austrian nationalism, nationalist, Corporatism, corporatist, Fascism, fascist and Political Catholicism, Catholic Fatherland Front (Austria), Fatherland Front. The concept, derived from the notion of ("Estates of the realm, estates" or "Corporatism, corporations"), was advocated by leading regime politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. The result was an Authoritarianism, authoritarian government based on a mix of Italian fascism, Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic Church, Catholic influences. It ended in March 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellor Of Austria
The chancellor of Austria, officially the federal chancellor of the Republic of Austria (), is the head of government of the Austria, Republic of Austria. List of chancellors of Austria, Twenty-nine people have served as chancellor. The current holder of the office Christian Stocker was sworn in on 3 March 2025 as chancellor. The chancellor's place in Austria's political system Austria's chancellor chairs and leads the cabinet of Austria, cabinet, which is composed of the chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor of Austria, vice chancellor and the Minister (Austria), ministers. Together with the President of Austria, president, who is head of state, the cabinet forms the country's Supreme executive organ (Austria), executive branch leadership. Austria is a parliamentary republic, the government, system of government in which real power is vested in the head of government. However, in Austria most executive actions of great extent can only be exercised by the president, upon advice o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Civil War
The Austrian Civil War () of 12–15 February 1934, also known as the February Uprising () or the February Fights (), was a series of clashes in the First Austrian Republic between the forces of the authoritarian Fatherland Front (Austria), right-wing government of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Republikanischer Schutzbund, Republican Protection League (), the banned paramilitary arm of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. The fighting started when League members fired on the Austrian police who were attempting to enter the Social Democrats' party headquarters in Linz to search for weapons. It spread from there to Vienna and other industrial centres in eastern and central Austria. The superior numbers and firepower of the Austrian police and Austrian Armed Forces, Federal Army quickly put an end to the uprising. The overall death toll is estimated at 350. The socialists' defeat led to arrests, executions and the banning of the Social Democratic Party. In May 1934, Austri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council (Austria)
The National Council (, ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The Politics of Austria, constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council (Austria), Federal Council. Responsibilities The National Council is where Austria's federal legislature, legislative authority is concentrated; for a bill to become federal law, it must be resolved upon by this chamber. Bills passed by the National Council are sent to the Federal Council of Austria, Federal Council for corroboration. If the Federal Council approves of the bill or simply does nothing for eight weeks, the bill has succeeded. If the Federal Council vetoes the bill, the National Council may still force it into law by essentially just passing it again; a National Council resolution overruling a Federal Council objection merely has to meet a higher quorum than a regular resolution. In other words, the Federal Council does not have an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wound Medal (Austria-Hungary)
The Wound Medal (, , ) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was established on August 12, 1917, by Charles I of Austria, Emperor Karl and was the last medal to be officially founded in the empire. The Wound Medal was awarded to service members of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces and to persons attached to the Austro-Hungarian armed forces who were wounded as a result of combat operations. Besides wounded persons, it was also awarded to persons who were disabled or suffered serious damage to their health in connection with military actions. Description The medal was made of zinc, and measured 38-mm in diameter. The zinc surface was dull gray, but examples with a polished surface often appear. The obverse of the medal featured a bust of Emperor Karl with his name in Latin "CAROLUS" above and a wreath of laurels below. Between the bust and the laurels in smaller letters was the name of the designer of the medal, R.(Richard) PLACHT, 1880 Kratzau - 1962 Vienna. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Troop Cross
The Karl Troop Cross () was instituted on 13 December 1916 by Emperor Karl I of Austria-Hungary. The cross was awarded for service up to the end of the First World War to soldiers and sailors of all arms of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, regardless of rank, who had been with a combatant unit for at least twelve weeks and who had participated in at least one battle. Members of the air service who made ten flights over enemy lines were also eligible. A total of 651,000 were awarded. The medal is of zinc and consists of a cross pattée A cross pattée or cross patty (, ), also known as a cross formée or cross formy, or even a Templar cross, is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre and often flared in a curve or straight line shape to be broader at th ... resting on a laurel wreath. The obverse bears the Latin inscription "GRATI PRINCEPS ET PATRIA, CAROLVS IMP.ET REX", (A grateful prince and country, Karl, Emperor and King). The reverse shows the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal For Bravery (Austria-Hungary)
The Medal for Bravery () () was a military decoration of Austria-Hungary established in 1789 and awarded for bravery in battle until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. History Habsburg Empire 1789-1918 The Medal for Bravery was created by Emperor Joseph II on 19 July 1789 in order to recognize courage in combat by personnel below commissioned rank (courageous acts performed by commissioned officers could after 1757 be rewarded by appointment to the Military Order of Maria Theresa). From 1789 to 1915, the Medal for Bravery existed in three classes: ''Golden Medal for Bravery'', ''Silver Medal for Bravery 1st Class'' and ''Silver Medal for Bravery 2nd Class''. The latter honour was similar in design to the Golden Medal and the Silver Medal 1st Class, but considerably smaller. A fourth class, the ''Bronze Medal for Bravery'', was introduced on 14 February 1915 during World War I. It was the same size as the Silver Medal 2nd Class. Bars denoting subsequent awa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)
The Military Merit Medal (, , ) was a military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I on March 12, 1890. The Military Merit Medal is often referred to as the "Signum Laudis" (Latin for "sign of praise") after the inscription on the reverse of the medal. History and description The Military Merit Medal was only awarded to officers and officials of similar rank. In the Austro-Hungarian order of precedence, the Military Merit Medal ranked below orders, such as the Order of the Iron Crown, and the Military Merit Cross. The Silver Military Merit Medal (established in 1911) outranked the Bronze Military Merit Medal. The one exception to the order of precedence was the Grand Military Merit Medal (''Große Militär-Verdienstmedaille''), a golden medal given as a sign of special recognition by the Emperor and usually awarded to senior officers. It outranked the lower grades of the Military Merit Cross and some orders. The Military Meri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)
The Military Merit Cross (, , ) was a decoration of the Austrian Empire, Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was first established on October 22, 1849 and underwent several revisions to its design and award criteria over the years of its existence. It became obsolete in 1918 with the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. History The Military Merit Cross was established on October 22, 1849 by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Franz Joseph I, based on the recommendation of Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Count Radetzky. It was to be awarded to officers who had performed especially praiseworthy service before the enemy in wartime, or outstanding service in peacetime, and was originally established in only one class. The first awards were made to all officers who had served under Count Radetzky in the Italian campaigns of 1848-49, especially the Battle of Custoza (1848), Battle of Custoza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
