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Dodanim
Dodanim ( ''Dōḏānīm'') or Rodanim, ( ''Rōḏānīm'', , ''Ródioi'') was, in the Book of Genesis, a son of Javan (thus, a great-grandson of Noah). Dodanim's brothers, according to Genesis 10:4, were Elishah, Tarshish and Chittim. He is usually associated with the people of the island of Rhodes as their progenitor. "-im" is a plural suffix in Hebrew, and the name may refer to the inhabitants of Rhodes. Traditional Hebrew manuscripts are split between the spellings ''Dodanim'' and ''Rodanim'' — one of which is probably a copyist's error, as the Hebrew letters for R and D ( and respectively) are quite similar graphically. The Samaritan Pentateuch, as well as 1 Chronicles 1:7, have ''Rodanim'', while the Septuagint has ''Rodioi''. The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan calls his country ''Dordania'', while the Targum Neofiti names it ''Dodonia''.''Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible'', Gen 10:4 Connections have been suggested with Dodona in Epirus''Barnes' Notes on the Bible'' Ge ...
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Tarshish
Tarshish (; ; ) occurs in the Hebrew Bible with several uncertain meanings, most frequently as a place (probably a large city or region) far across the sea from Phoenicia (now Lebanon) and the Land of Israel. Tarshish was said to have exported vast quantities of important metals to Phoenicia and Israel. The same place name occurs in the Akkadian inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian emperor Esarhaddon (died 669 BC) and also on the Phoenician inscription of the Nora Stone (around 800 BCE) in Sardinia; its precise location was never commonly known, and was eventually lost in antiquity. Legends grew up around it over time, so its identity has been the subject of scholarly research and commentary for more than two thousand years. Its importance stems in part from the fact that Hebrew biblical passages tend to understand Tarshish as a source of King Solomon's tremendous wealth in metals – especially silver, but also gold, tin, and iron according to Ezekiel 27. The metals were ...
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Tower Of Babel
The Tower of Babel is an origin myth and parable in the Book of Genesis (chapter 11) meant to explain the existence of different languages and cultures. According to the story, a united human race speaking a single language migrates to Shinar (Lower Mesopotamia), where they agree to build a great city with a tower that would reach the sky. Yahweh, observing these efforts and remarking on humanity's power in unity, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other and scatters them around the world, leaving the city unfinished. Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known historical structures and accounts, particularly from ancient Mesopotamia. The most widely attributed inspiration is Etemenanki, a ziggurat dedicated to the god Marduk in Babylon, which in Hebrew was called ''Babel''. A similar story is also found in the ancient Sumerian legend, ''Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta'', which describes events and locations in southern M ...
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Chittim
Kittim was a settlement in present-day Larnaca on the east coast of Cyprus, known in ancient times as Kition, or (in Latin) Citium. On this basis, the whole island became known as "Kittim" in Hebrew, including the Hebrew Bible. However the name seems to have been employed with some flexibility in Hebrew literature. It was often applied to all the Aegean islands and even to "the W stin general, but esp ciallythe seafaring W st. Flavius Josephus (c. 100 AD) records in his Antiquities of the Jews that :Cethimus on of Javanpossessed the island Cethima: it is now called Cyprus; and from that it is that all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coasts, are named Cethim by the Hebrews: and one city there is in Cyprus that has been able to preserve its denomination; it has been called Citius [or Citium/Κίτιον">Kition">Citius [or Citium/Κίτιονby those who use the language of the Greeks, and has not, by the use of that dialect, escaped the name of Cethim. The expression ...
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Javan
Javan () was the fourth son of Noah's son Japheth according to the "Generations of Noah" (Book of Genesis, chapter 10) in the Hebrew Bible. Josephus states the traditional belief that this individual was the ancestor of the Greeks. Also serving as the Hebrew name for Greece or Greeks in general, יָוָן ''Yavan'' or ''Yāwān'' has long been considered cognate with the name of the eastern Greeks, the Ionians (Greek Ἴωνες ''Iōnes'', Homeric Greek Ἰάονες ''Iáones''; Mycenaean Greek *Ιαϝονες ''Iawones''). Giving that all Torah scrolls are strictly un punctuated reading the word יון can give ''Yon'', given as the letter Waw may just as equally function as consonant (read "w") or vowel (read "o" or " ʊ"). Cognate names were applied to the ancient Greeks throughout the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and beyond such as the Sanskrit and Prakrit ''Yona''. In Greek mythology, the eponymous forefather of the Ionians is similarly called Ion, a son of Apoll ...
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Elishah
Elishah or Eliseus ( ''’Ĕlīšā'') was the son of Javan according to the Book of Genesis (10:4) in the Masoretic Text. The Greek Septuagint of Genesis 10 lists ''Elisa'' not only as the son of Javan, but also a grandson of Japheth. His name is spelled differently in Hebrew to the prophet Elisha, ending in a hei () instead of an ayin (). Scholars have often identified Elishah with Cypriots, as in ancient times the island of Cyprus or part of it was known as Alashiya."Now, this Elishah is often identified with Alashiya in the scholarly literature, an ancient name often associated with Cyprus or a part of the island." According to the Jewish encyclopedia Elishah is to be identified with Magna Graecia and Sicels. Judean historian Flavius Josephus related the descendants of Elishah with the Aeolians, one of the ancestral branches of the Greeks. Other proposed scholarly identifications are with Hellas and Carthage (" Elissa"). Elishah is also mentioned in the mediaeval, rabb ...
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Baath Mac Magog
Baath or Baath mac Magog is a figure in Irish legendary history. He was a son of Magog,Lebor Gabála Érenn, Part I, page 155; by Robert Macalister. son of Japheth, the progenitor of the Scythians, son of Noah, and the father of Fénius Farsaid, according to a version " M" of Lebor Gabála Érenn, also known as the Great Book of Lecan. He is described as being from Scythia, and the Goths, or the Gaedil. According to the same version of the story, he had four brothers, Ibath, Barachan, Emoth, and Aithechta. But the story further states that "...Feinius Farrsaid was son of Baath, son of Ibath, son of Gomer, and son of Iafeth". There are several competing genealogies in the sources deriving Fénius, Baath, the Milesians, etc., either from Magog, Gomer, or sometimes even Javan. In some versions Baath or Ibath occupy the same position as Rifath Scot ( Riphath son of Gomer), while in others Fénius himself is treated as interchangeable with Rifath Scot. The earliest tradition ...
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Pseudo-Philo
Pseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for the unknown, anonymous author of the ''Biblical Antiquities''. This text is also commonly known today under the Latin title ''Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum'' (Book of Biblical Antiquities), a title that is not found in the Latin manuscripts. Although probably originally written in Hebrew, it is preserved today only through a Latin translation found in 18 complete and 3 fragmentary manuscripts that date between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries CE. In addition, material paralleling that in the ''Biblical Antiquities'' is also found in the '' Chronicles of Jerahmeel'', a 14th-century Hebrew composition. The Latin text of the ''Biblical Antiquities'' circulated alongside Latin translations of the authentic writings of Philo of Alexandria. Scholars have long asserted the pseudonymous character of the text now known as the ''Biblical Antiquities''. Primary in this regard is a vastly differing approach to and use of the Jewish scriptures. For ...
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Franz Delitzsch
Franz Delitzsch (23 February 1813, in Leipzig – 4 March 1890, in Leipzig) was a German Lutheran theologian and Hebraist. Delitzsch wrote many commentaries on books of the Bible, Jewish antiquities, Biblical psychology, as well as a history of Jewish poetry, and works of Christian apologetics. Today, Delitzsch is best known for his translation of the New Testament into Hebrew (1877), and his series of commentaries on the Old Testament published with Johann Friedrich Karl Keil, Carl Friedrich Keil. Delitzsch's son, Friedrich Delitzsch (1850–1922), was an influential Assyriology, Assyriologist and author of works on Assyrian language, literature, and history. Biography Although Delitzsch was Christian, he was often supposed to be of Jewish ancestry, due to the unusual breadth of his rabbinical learning, as well as his strong sympathy with the Jewish people, whom he defended against attacks. His family circumstances were also unusual, in that he had a Jewish benefactor who lived ...
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Battle Of Qadesh
The Battle of Kadesh took place in the 13th century BC between the Egyptian Empire led by pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire led by king Muwatalli II. Their armies engaged each other at the Orontes River, just upstream of Lake Homs and near the archaeological site of Kadesh, along what is today the Lebanon–Syria border. The battle is generally dated to May 1274 BC, as accounted by Egyptian chronology, and is the earliest pitched battle in recorded history for which details of tactics and formations are known. It is believed to be the largest battle ever fought involving chariots, numbering at a total of 5,000 to 6,000. After being outmaneuvered, ambushed, and surrounded, Ramesses II personally led a charge through the Hittite ranks with his bodyguard. They broke through and avoided the capture or death of the pharaoh. The outcome is considered a stalemate. Background After expelling the Hyksos' 15th Dynasty around 1550 BC, the rulers of the New Kingdom of Egypt bec ...
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Ramesses II
Ramesses II (sometimes written Ramses or Rameses) (; , , ; ), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Pharaoh, Egyptian pharaoh. He was the third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth Dynasty. Along with Thutmose III of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty, he is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt. He is also widely considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful warrior pharaohs, conducting no fewer than 15 military campaigns, all resulting in victories, excluding the Battle of Kadesh, generally considered a stalemate. In Ancient Greek literature, ancient Greek sources, he is called Ozymandias, derived from the first part of his Egyptian-language regnal name: . Ramesses was also referred to as the "Great Ancestor" by successor pharaohs and the Egyptian people. For the early part of his reign, he focu ...
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Hittites
The Hittites () were an Anatolian peoples, Anatolian Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in modern-day Turkey in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites formed a series of Polity, polities in north-central Anatolia, including the kingdom of Kussara (before 1750 BC), the Kültepe, Kanesh or Nesha Kingdom (–1650 BC), and an empire centered on their capital, Hattusa (around 1650 BC). Known in modern times as the Hittite Empire, it reached its peak during the mid-14th century BC under Šuppiluliuma I, when it encompassed most of Anatolia and parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia, bordering the rival empires of the Hurri-Mitanni and Assyrians. Between the 15th and 13th centuries BC, the Hittites were one of the dominant powers of the Near East, coming into conflict with the New Kingdom of Egypt, the Middle Assyrian Empi ...
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