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Dkhar
Dkhar, is a term used by the Khasis to refer to non-Khasi people in Meghalaya. It is non derogatory but some perceived it as derogatory. For Khasis any non-tribal is a ''dkhar'' and they address them by that term. In real, the term is mostly used against affluent Bengali Hindu settlers from West Bengal or the Bengali Hindu refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan It is sometimes abbreviated to ''′Khar'' and may also denote a Khasi clan with the same name. History The 'Khasi-English Dictionary' published in 1906, lists ''Dkhar'' meaning non-Khasi. The entry for its abbreviation '''khar'', elaborates the non-Khasi aspect. ''Dkhar'' or '''khar'' could either refer to an inhabitant of the plains or a person from the Khasi clan having the same name. ''Dkhar'' was originally meant to designate a clan among the Khasis to assimilate people of having partial Khasi ancestry, but differentiated from the indigenous Khasi clans. However, in gradual usage the term came to represent non-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayang (term)
Mayang is a term used by the Meiteis in Manipur to refer to non-Manipuri Indians, especially the speakers of Hindustani language and Bengali people But historically the term has been used to denote the Bishnupriya Manipuris and Bengalis, who are considered by Meiteis to be outsiders in Manipur. The term was later casually used to denote 'foreigner' during the militancy in Manipur, which effectively translated to Indians from outside the state. Indians in general and Bengalis in particular became the targets of attacks. According to journalist Kishalay Bhattacharjee, the term is synonymous to Dkhar in Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: (a) the United Khasi Hills and Jai .... Usage The term is used for who are not from Manipuri. It is a term which means foreigner in Manipuri dialect. Kwak Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In India
Ethnic relations in India have historically been complex. (It refers to attitudes and behaviours toward people of other ethnicities or races.) India is ethnically diverse, with more than 2,000 different ethnic groups. There is also significant diversity within regions, and almost every state and several districts have their own distinct mixture of ethnicities, traditions, and culture. Throughout the history of India, ethnic relations have been both positive (as with mutual cultural influences) and negative (as with discrimination against other ethnicities). Public attitudes Usually, people in different regions respect each other's cultures and traditions. According to local sources, unity in diversity has been growing in India, making the country more tolerant. In 2013, World Values Survey reported 43.5% of Indians responded that they would prefer not to have neighbors of a different race. The most recent survey, however, in 2016, conducted by the World Values Survey, found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bongal
Bongal is a term used in Assam to refer to ''outsiders''. The people of East Bengal, which is to the immediate southwest of historical Assam, self-identify as Bangal; whereas the Bengali people from the west are called Ghoti. Assam has been settled by colonial officials (''amlahs'') from Bengal pre-Independence and Hindu Bengali refugees in the post-Independence periods. The Muslims peasants from East Bengal settled in Assam are now referred to as Miya. The term lent the name to the Bongal Kheda movement of the 1950s and 1960s which sought to drive out non-Assamese competitors and to secure jobs for the natives. History The term ''Bongal'' came into prominence in the Buranjis, where they were used to describe ''foreigners'' from the west of the Ahom kingdom. The term may have been derived from 'Bangala', the name of the Mughal province of Bengal. Initially the term might have stood for the people of Bengal, but later it is said to have stood for any foreigner. Because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council
The Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (abbreviated HNLC) is a militant organization operating in Meghalaya, India. It claims to represent the Khasi- Jaintia tribal people, and its aim is to free Meghalaya from the alleged domination of outsiders (the "Dkhars") from the Indian mainland. It was proscribed in India on 16 November 2000, but the ban was later lifted,Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC) South Asia Terrorism Portal. before banning it again in 2019. Origin The state was carved out of the |
1947 Sylhet Referendum
The 1947 Sylhet referendum was held in the Sylhet District of the Assam Province of British India to decide whether the district would remain in Undivided Assam and therefore within the post-independence Dominion of India, or leave Assam for East Bengal and consequently join the newly-created Dominion of Pakistan. The referendum's turnout was in favour of joining the Pakistani union; however, the district's Karimganj subdivision remained within the Indian state of Assam. History Prior to the British arrival in the region in 1765, the ''Sylhet Sarkar'' was a part of the Bengal Subah of the Mughal Empire. Initially, the Company Raj incorporated Sylhet into its Bengal Presidency; however, 109 years later on 16 February 1874, Sylhet was made a part of the non-regulation Chief Commissioner's Province of Assam (North-East Frontier) in order to facilitate Assam's commercial development. This transfer was implemented despite a memorandum of protests being submitted to the Viceroy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pejorative Terms For In-group Non-members
A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others, or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts. Etymology The word ''pejorative'' is derived from a Late Latin past participle stem of ''peiorare'', meaning "to make worse", from ''peior'' "worse". Pejoration and melioration In historical linguistics, the process of an inoffensive word becoming pejorative is a form of semantic drift known as pejoration. An example of pejoration is the shift in meaning of the word ''silly'' from meaning that a person was happy and fortunate to meaning that they are foolish and unsophisticated. The process of pejoration can repeat itself around a single concep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Bengali Hindus
Hindus have experienced both historical and ongoing religious persecution and systematic violence, in the form of forced conversions, documented massacres, genocides, demolition and desecration of temples, as well as the destruction of educational centres. Definition of persecution Divya Sharma, a sociologist and law scholar, establishes that religious persecution is the "systematic mistreatment of people (individual or group) due to their religious beliefs". Persecution is any systematic mistreatment where the victims experience "suffering, harassment, fear, pain, imprisonment, internment". In cases of religious groups, persecution denies or limits religious freedoms. This includes state supported acts such as destroying or defacing religious icons and buildings, or targeting properties shared by a religious community during peace or war. Mohamed S.M. Eltayeb, writing on "the definition and understanding of internal persecution among Muslims" in the present time, states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaun
''Malaun'' ( bn, মালাউন) is a pejorative term for Bengali Hindus, most commonly used in Bangladesh. The word is derived from the Arabic "ملعون", meaning "accursed" or "deprived of God's Mercy", and in modern times, it is used as an ethnic slur by the Muslims in Bengal region for Hindus. Etymology The Arabic word "ملعون" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root "لعنة" (la'nat) meaning "curse". In Islamic parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like Malay and Indonesian. The dictionary published by the Bangla Academy gives the meaning of the Bengali word "মালাউন" as someone cursed or deprived of Allah's mercy or forcefully evicted or a Kafir. It mentions that the word is used as a slur by the Muslims against the non-Muslims. In Bangladesh, the word is more specifically used to refer to the Hindu religious minority. In colloquial usage, the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Hindus In A Refugee Camp, Shillong - 1979
Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the writing system ** Bengali–Assamese script *** Bengali (Unicode block), a block of Bengali characters in Unicode * Bengali, Nancowry, a village in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India * , a ship launched in 1837 and wrecked in 1951 * Bengali, member of the ThunderCats * Bengali-Fodé Koita, Guinean footballer * Bengali Keïta, Guinean centre-back * Bengali Market, ancient market in New Delhi, India * Bengali River, river in northern Bangladesh * Bengali Singh, Indian politician * Abdul Wahid Bengali, 19th-century theologian * Ali Sher Bengali, 16th-century Sufi * Athar Ali Bengali, politician and teacher * Izzatullah Bengali, 18th-century Persian language author * Mohamed Bengali, Ivorian footballer * Muhammad Salih Bengali, 18th-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Hindu Refugees
East Bengali Refugees are people who left East Bengal following the Partition of Bengal, which was part of the Independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. An overwhelming majority of these refugees and immigrants were Bengali Hindus.US State Department, "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976", Volume XI, South Asia Crisis, 1971", Page 165 During the Bangladesh liberation war with West Pakistan, an estimated 10 million people of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) fled the country and took refuge in India particularly in the Indian states of West Bengal and Indian North East region, especially Tripura and Assam. History In 1947, Bengal was partitioned into the Indian state of West Bengal and the Pakistani province of East Bengal. East Bengal was later renamed East Pakistan, which subsequently broke away from Pakistan to form the independent country of Bangladesh. Most of Sylhet district in Assam also joined East Pakistan and was subsequently considered to be Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasi People
The Khasi people are an ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam, and in certain parts of Bangladesh. Khasi people form the majority of the population of the eastern part of Meghalaya, that is Khasi Hills, constituting 78.3% of the region's population, and is the state's largest community, with around 48% of the population of Meghalaya. They are among the few Austroasiatic-speaking peoples in South Asia. The Khasi tribe holds the distinction of being one of the few remaining matriarchal tribes of the world. Under the Constitution of India, the Khasis have been granted the status of Scheduled Tribe. History Khasi mythology Khasi mythology traces the tribe's original abode to ("The Seven Huts"). According to the Khasi mythology, (God, the Lord Master) had originally distributed the human race into 16 heavenly families (). However, seven out of these 16 families were stuck on earth while the other 9 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meghalaya
Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: (a) the United Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills and (b) the Garo Hills.History of Meghalaya State Government of India Meghalaya was previously part of Assam, but on 21 January 1972, the districts of Khasi, Garo and Jaintia Hills became the new state of Meghalaya. The population of Meghalaya as of 2014 is estimated to be 3,211,474. Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,430 square kilometres, with a length-to-breadth ratio of about 3:1.Meghalaya IBEF, India (2013) T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
