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Directorie Style
The Directory (also called Directorate; ) was the system of government established by the Constitution of the Year III, French Constitution of 1795. It takes its name from the committee of 5 men vested with executive power. The Directory governed the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until 10 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the French Consulate, Consulate. The Directory was continually at war with foreign coalitions, including Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain, Habsburg monarchy, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russian Empire, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It annexed Austrian Netherlands, Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, while Bonaparte conquered a large part of Italy. The Directory established 29 short-lived sister republics in Italy, Helvetic Republic, Switzerland and the Batavian Republic, Netherlands. The conquered cities and states were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorial System
A directorial system is a regime ruled by a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state and/or a head of government. Current directorial systems Countries with directorial heads of state sharing ceremonial functions: * : co-princes * : presidency * : Ngwenyama and Ndlovukati * : Captains Regent Countries governed by a directorial system: * : co-presidents * : Congress of State * : Federal Council Supranational and subnational entities governed by a directorial system: * : European Council and European Commission * : First Minister and deputy First Minister * : cantons Directorial republic in Switzerland One country now using this form of government is Switzerland, and to a lesser extent San Marino, where directories rule all levels of administration, federal, cantonal and municipal. On the face of it, the Swiss Federal Council might appear to be a typical parliamentary government; technically, however, it is not a meeting of minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
