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Dioxethedrin
Dioxethedrin (), or dioxethedrine, also known as 3,4-dihydroxy-''N''-ethylnorephedrine, is a sympathomimetic medication. It was a component of the antitussive syrup Bexol (a combination of dioxethedrin, codeine, and promethazine). It is an ephedrine derivative (and hence is a phenethylamine and amphetamine) and is described as a bronchodilator and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Analogues of dioxethedrin include dioxifedrine (α-methylepinephrine; 3,4-dihydroxyephedrine), corbadrine (levonordefrin; α-methylnorepinephrine), and α-methyldopamine α-Methyldopamine (α-Me-DA), also known as 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (3,4-DHA or HHA) or as catecholamphetamine, is a research chemical of the catecholamine and amphetamine families. It is a monoamine releasing agent and a metabolite of MDMA and .... References Abandoned drugs Antitussives Beta-adrenergic agonists Beta-Hydroxyamphetamines Bronchodilators Catecholamines Decongestants Peripherally selective drugs S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a chemical class, class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substitution reaction, substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, Empathogen-entactogen, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted Derivative (chemistry), derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of ''Ephedra (genus), Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioxifedrine
Dioxifedrine (), or dioxifedrin, also known as α-methylepinephrine or as 3,4-dihydroxyephedrine, is a sympathomimetic medication that was never marketed. It is described as a β-adrenergic receptor agonist and bronchodilator. The drug is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine and is the catecholamine (3,4-dihydroxylated) derivative of ephedrine and the amphetamine (α-methylated) analogue of epinephrine (adrenaline). Analogues of dioxifedrine include dioxethedrin (α-methyl-''N''-ethylnorepinephrine), corbadrine (levonordefrin; α-methylnorepinephrine), and α-methyldopamine α-Methyldopamine (α-Me-DA), also known as 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (3,4-DHA or HHA) or as catecholamphetamine, is a research chemical of the catecholamine and amphetamine families. It is a monoamine releasing agent and a metabolite of MDMA and .... References Abandoned drugs Adrenergic receptor agonists Beta-Hydroxyamphetamines Bronchodilators Catecholamines Methamphetamines Peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peripherally Selective Drugs
Periphery or peripheral may refer to: Music *Periphery (band), American progressive metal band * ''Periphery'' (album), released in 2010 by Periphery *"Periphery", a song from Fiona Apple's album '' The Idler Wheel...'' Gaming and entertainment *Periphery, a group of political entities in BattleTech, a wargaming franchise *'' The Peripheral'', a 2014 novel by William Gibson ** ''The Peripheral'' (TV series), a streaming series based on Gibson's novel Mathematics *Peripheral, an alternate mathematical term for boundary parallel in manifold theory * Peripheral cycle, a mathematical term in graph theory Computing *Peripheral, a device connected to a computer Political *Periphery countries, the least developed countries in world systems theory *Periphery (France), statistical area designating a commuter belt around an urban unit *Peripheries of Greece or ''administrative regions of Greece'' (Greek: , '), the country's first-level administrative divisions **Peripheral unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decongestants
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter of which has disputed effectiveness). Intranasal corticosteroids can also be used as decongestants and antihistamines can be used to alleviate runny nose, nasal itch, and sneezing. Topical decongestants on topical application as dilute solution (0.05–0.1%) produce local vasoconstriction. Regular use of decongestants for long periods should be avoided because mucosal ciliary function is impaired: atrophic rhinitis and anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) can occur due to persistent vasoconstriction. Decongestants can be absorbed from the nose via an inhaler and produce systemic effects, mainly central nervous system stimulation and rise in blood pressure. These drugs should be used cautiously in hypertensives and in those receiving mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catecholamines
A catecholamine (; abbreviated CA), most typically a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine. Catechol can be either a free molecule or a substituent of a larger molecule, where it represents a 1,2-dihydroxybenzene group. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is derived from dietary sources as well as synthesis from phenylalanine. Catecholamines are water-soluble and are 50% bound to plasma proteins in circulation. Included among catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. Release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands is part of the fight-or-flight response. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronchodilators
A bronchodilator or broncholytic (although the latter occasionally includes secretory inhibition as well) is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs. Bronchodilators may be originating naturally within the body, or they may be medications administered for the treatment of breathing difficulties, usually in the form of inhalers. They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases, of which asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common conditions. They may be useful in bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, although this remains somewhat controversial. They are often prescribed but of unproven significance in restrictive lung diseases. Bronchodilators are either short-acting or long-acting. Short-acting medications provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to control and prevent symptoms. The three types of prescr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta-adrenergic Agonists
Beta adrenergic agonists or beta agonists are medications that relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing. They are a class of sympathomimetic agents, each acting upon the Adrenergic receptor#β receptors, beta adrenoceptors. In general, pure beta-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of beta blockers: beta-adrenoreceptor agonist ligands mimic the actions of both epinephrine- and norepinephrine- signaling, in the heart and lungs, and in smooth muscle tissue; epinephrine expresses the higher affinity. The activation of β1, β2 and β3 activates the enzyme, Adenylyl cyclase, adenylate cyclase. This, in turn, leads to the activation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA) which phosphorylates target proteins, ultimately inducing smooth muscle relaxation and contraction of the cardiac tissue. Function Activation of β1 receptors induces positive inot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antitussives
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal. While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. Types There are a number of different cough and cold medications, which may be used for various coughing symptoms. The commercially available products may include various combinations of any one or more of the following types of substances: * Mucokinetics, or mucolytics, are a class of drugs which aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abandoned Drugs
Abandon, abandoned, or abandonment may refer to: Common uses * Abandonment (emotional), a subjective emotional state in which people feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded * Abandonment (legal), a legal term regarding property ** Child abandonment, the extralegal abandonment of children ** Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property, legal status of property after abandonment and rediscovery * Abandonment (mysticism) Art, entertainment, and media Film * ''Abandon'' (film), a 2002 film starring Katie Holmes * ''Abandoned'' (1949 film), starring Dennis O'Keefe * ''Abandoned'' (1955 film), the English language title of the Italian war film ''Gli Sbandati'' * ''Abandoned'' (2001 film), a Hungarian film * ''Abandoned'' (2010 film), starring Brittany Murphy * ''Abandoned'' (2015 film), a television movie about the shipwreck of the ''Rose-Noëlle'' in 1989 * ''Abandoned'' (2022 film), starring Emma Roberts * ''The Abandoned'' (1945 film), a 1945 Mexican film * ''The Aba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-methyldopamine
α-Methyldopamine (α-Me-DA), also known as 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (3,4-DHA or HHA) or as catecholamphetamine, is a research chemical of the catecholamine and amphetamine families. It is a monoamine releasing agent and a metabolite of MDMA and MDA. The ''bis''- glutathionyl metabolite of α-methyldopamine is slightly neurotoxic when directly injected into the brain's ventricles. Role in MDMA-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity Interest in α-methyldopamine lies in the fact that 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylamphetamine (MDMA) may not themselves be responsible for their serotonergic neurotoxicity, as an intracerebroventricular injection does not appear to cause neurotoxicity. While many studies suggest excitotoxicity or oxidative stress as likely mechanisms, which may be an effect of MDMA itself, this has led to the search for other mechanisms for the observed toxicity of serotonin axons and subsequent reduction in serotonin (5-HT) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
