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Digital Face Replacement
Digital face replacement is a computer generated imagery effect used in motion picture post-production. It is commonly used to make an actor's body double or stunt double look as if they are the original actor. Possibly the earliest use of face replacement was in the 1993 movie Jurassic Park. ''Digital face replacement'' has also been used to finish an actor's performance in the event of their death during shooting. Examples include the use of face replacement to double for Brandon Lee after his death during the shooting of ''The Crow'' (1994), and the use of face replacement to complete Oliver Reed's performance in ''Gladiator'' (2000). There are publicly accessible online platforms that enable users to perform digital face swapping. One example is dailyfakes.com, a website that offers face swap functionality directly in the browser. See also * Deepfake ''Deepfakes'' (a portmanteau of and ) are images, videos, or audio that have been edited or generated using artificial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Generated Imagery
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is a specific-technology or application of computer graphics for creating or improving images in art, printed media, simulators, videos and video games. These images are either static (i.e. still images) or dynamic (i.e. moving images). CGI both refers to 2D computer graphics and (more frequently) 3D computer graphics with the purpose of designing characters, virtual worlds, or scenes and special effects (in films, television programs, commercials, etc.). The application of CGI for creating/improving animations is called ''computer animation'', or ''CGI animation''. History The first feature film to use CGI as well as the composition of live-action film with CGI was ''Vertigo'', which used abstract computer graphics by John Whitney in the opening credits of the film. The first feature film to make use of CGI with live action in the storyline of the film was the 1973 film ''Westworld''. The first feature film to present a fully CGI character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motion Picture Post-production
Post-production, also known simply as post, is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, audio production, and photography. Post-production includes all stages of production occurring after principal photography or recording individual program segments. The traditional first part of the post-production process, non-linear (analog) film editing, has mostly been replaced by digital or video editing software, which operates as a non-linear editing (NLE) system. The advantage of non-linear editing is the ability to edit scenes out of order, thereby making creative changes at will. This flexibility facilitates carefully shaping the film in a thoughtful, meaningful way for emotional effect. Once the production team is satisfied with the picture editing, the editing is said to be ''locked''. At this point the turnover process begins, in which the picture is prepared for lab and color finishing, and the sound is ''spotted'' and turned over to the composer and sound desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Double
In filmmaking, a double is a person who substitutes for another actor such that the person's face is not shown. There are various terms associated with a double based on the specific body part or ability they serve as a double for, such as stunt double, "dance double", "butt double" and "hand double". Types of doubles Body double A body double or photography double is used in certain specific shots to replace the credited actor of a character. The body double's face is obscured to maintain the illusion that they are the same character; usually by shooting their body at an angle that leaves their face out (such as by showing the body double from the back) or in post-production by superimposing the original actor's face over the body double's. The double's face is usually not seen on-camera, particularly when they do not facially resemble the actor; a wig will usually be employed if the double's hair color is different from that of the main actor. This is in contrast to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurassic Park
''Jurassic Park'', later referred to as ''Jurassic World'', is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton, centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of De-extinction#Cloning, cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel ''Jurassic Park (novel), Jurassic Park'' before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park (film), 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D film, 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Crichton's 1995 sequel novel, ''The Lost World (Crichton novel), The Lost World'', was followed by The Lost World: Jurassic Park, a 1997 film adaptation, also directed by Spielberg. Crichton did not write any further sequels in the series, although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brandon Lee
Brandon Bruce Lee (February 1, 1965 – March 31, 1993) was an American actor. Establishing himself as a rising action star in the early 1990s, he landed what was to be his breakthrough role as Eric Draven in the supernatural superhero film ''The Crow'' (1994). However, Lee's career and life were cut short by his accidental death during the film's production. Lee was the son of martial artist and film star Bruce Lee, who died when Brandon was eight years old. Lee, who followed in his father's footsteps, trained in martial arts, including Jeet Kun Do, Wing Chun, Eskrima, Silat, and Muay Thai, and studied acting at Emerson College and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. He started his career with leading roles in the Hong Kong action film '' Legacy of Rage'' (1986), and the straight-to-video '' Laser Mission'' (1989), which was a financial success on home video. Lee also appeared in two spin-offs of the 1970s series ''Kung Fu,'' the television film '' Kung Fu: Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Crow (1994 Film)
''The Crow'' is a 1994 American supernatural superhero film directed by Alex Proyas and written by David J. Schow and John Shirley, based on the 1989 comic book series by James O'Barr. It stars Brandon Lee in his final film role, as Eric Draven, a rock musician who is resurrected from the dead to seek vengeance against the gang who murdered him and his fiancée. Lee was fatally wounded by a prop gun during filming. As he had finished most of his scenes, the film was completed through script rewrites, a stunt double and digital effects. After Lee's death, Paramount Pictures opted out of distribution and the rights were acquired by Miramax Films. The film is dedicated to Lee and his fiancée, Eliza Hutton. ''The Crow'' premiered in Santa Monica on May 10, 1994, and was released in the United States on May 13, 1994, by Dimension Films. The film received positive reviews for its style and Lee's performance. It grossed $94 million on a $23 million budget and has gained a cult f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Reed
Robert Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was an English actor, known for his upper-middle class, macho image and his heavy-drinking, "hellraiser" lifestyle. His screen career spanned over 40 years, between 1955 and 1999. At the peak of his career, in 1971, British exhibitors voted Reed fifth-most-popular star at the box office. After making his first significant screen appearances in Hammer Film Productions, Hammer Horror films in the early 1960s, his notable film roles included La Bete in ''The Trap (1966 film), The Trap'' (1966), Bill Sikes in ''Oliver! (film), Oliver!'' (a film directed by his uncle Carol Reed that won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Picture), Gerald in ''Women in Love (film), Women in Love'' (1969), the title role in ''Hannibal Brooks'' (1969), Urbain Grandier in ''The Devils (film), The Devils'' (1971), Athos (character), Athos in ''The Three Musketeers (1973 live-action film), The Three Musketeers'' (1973) and ''The Four Musketeers (1974 f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gladiator (2000 Film)
''Gladiator'' is a 2000 epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson from a story by Franzoni. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen, Oliver Reed, Derek Jacobi, Djimon Hounsou, and Richard Harris. Crowe portrays Maximus Decimus Meridius, a Roman general who is betrayed when Commodus, the ambitious son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, murders his father and seizes the throne. Reduced to slavery, Maximus becomes a gladiator and rises through the ranks of the arena, determined to avenge the murders of his family and the emperor. The screenplay, initially written by Franzoni, was inspired by the 1958 Daniel P. Mannix novel '' Those About to Die''. The script was acquired by DreamWorks Pictures, and Scott signed on to direct the film. Principal photography began in January 1999 and wrapped in May of that year. Production was complicated by the script being rewritten multiple times and by the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deepfake
''Deepfakes'' (a portmanteau of and ) are images, videos, or audio that have been edited or generated using artificial intelligence, AI-based tools or AV editing software. They may depict real or fictional people and are considered a form of synthetic media, that is media that is usually created by artificial intelligence systems by combining various media elements into a new media artifact. While the act of creating fake content is not new, deepfakes uniquely leverage machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, including facial recognition algorithms and artificial neural networks such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). In turn, the field of image forensics develops techniques to detect manipulated images. Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their potential use in creating child sexual abuse material, celebrity pornographic videos, revenge porn, fake news, hoaxes, bullying, and financial fraud. Acade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
