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Dieback
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Dieback may refer to a number of plant problems and diseases including: * Forest dieback caused by acid rain, heavy metal pollution, or imported pathogens * The death of regions of a plant or similar organism caused by physical damage, such as from pruning * Those caused by the genus ''Eutypa'', such as ''Eutypa'' dieback * Those caused by the genus ''Phytophthora'', such as ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' dieback * Those caused by the genus '' Seiridium'', such as ''Seiridium cardinale'' dieback or cypress canker * Birch dieback, caused by several pathogens * Ash dieback, caused by '' Hymenoscyphus fraxineus'' * Lettuce dieback * Maize/corn anthracnose top dieback Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, Parasitic Virus and virus-like diseases References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{corn * Maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus
''Hymenoscyphus fraxineus'' () is an ascomycete fungus that causes ash dieback, a chronic fungal disease of ash trees in Europe characterised by leaf loss and crown dieback in infected trees. The fungus was first scientifically described in 2006 under the name ''Chalara fraxinea''. Four years later it was discovered that ''Chalara fraxinea'' is the asexual (anamorphic) stage of a fungus that was subsequently named ''Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus'' and then renamed as ''Hymenoscyphus fraxineus''. Trees reported dying in Poland in 1992 are now believed to have been infected with this pathogen. It is now widespread in Europe, with up to 85% mortality rates recorded in plantations and 69% in woodlands. It is closely related to a native fungus '' Hymenoscyphus albidus'', which is harmless to European ash trees. According to a 2016 report published in the Journal of Ecology a combination of ''H. fraxineus'' and emerald ash borer attacks could wipe out European ash trees. Genetics T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Dieback
Forest dieback (also "", a German loan word) is a condition in trees or woody plants in which peripheral parts are killed, either by pathogens, parasites or conditions like acid rain, drought, and more. These episodes can have disastrous consequences such as reduced resiliency of the ecosystem, disappearing important symbiotic relationships and thresholds. Some tipping points for major climate change forecast in the next century are directly related to forest diebacks. Definition Forest dieback refers to the phenomenon of a stand of trees losing health and dying without an obvious cause. This condition is also known as forest decline, forest damage, canopy level dieback, and stand level dieback. This usually affects individual species of trees, but can also affect multiple species. Dieback is an episodic event and may take on many locations and shapes. It can be along the perimeter, at specific elevations, or dispersed throughout the forest ecosystem. Forest dieback presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophthora Cinnamomi
''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' is a soil-borne water mould that produces an infection which causes a condition in plants variously called " root rot", "dieback", or (in certain ''Castanea'' species), "ink disease". The plant pathogen is one of the world's most invasive species and is present in over 70 countries around the world. Host range and symptoms The host range for ''Phytophythora cinnamomi'' is very broad. It is distributed worldwide and causes disease on hundreds of hosts. The disease affects a range of economic groups, including food crops such as avocado and pineapple as well as trees and woody ornamentals such as Fraser firs, shortleaf pines, loblolly pines, azaleas, camellia, boxwood, causing root rot and dieback. It is a root pathogen that causes root rot and death of host plants. Some symptoms include: wilting, decreased fruit size, decrease in yield, collar rot, gum exudation, necrosis, leaf chlorosis, leaf curl, and stem cankers. Another symptom is that it ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birch Dieback
Birch dieback is a disease of birch trees that causes the branches in the crown to die off. The disease may eventually kill the tree. In an event in the Eastern United States and Canada in the 1930s and 1940s, no causal agent was found, but the wood-boring beetle, the bronze birch borer, was implicated in the severe damage and death of the tree that often followed. In similar crown dieback occurrences in Europe several decades later, the pathogenic fungus '' Melanconium betulinum'' were found in association with affected trees, as well as ''Anisogramma virgultorum'' and '' Marssonina betulae''. Description Birch dieback tends to attack trees that are under stress, such as from drought, through winter kill or exposure to phenoxy herbicides used to control broad-leafed weeds in cereal crops. First, the foliage becomes scant and develops chlorosis or the leaves at the tips of the shoots start to curl. Then the twigs become bare as new leaves fail to develop. Whole branches may die as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dead Arm (grapes)
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot occurs wherever grapes are grown. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is more severe in grape-growing regions characterized by a humid temperate climate through the growing season. Crop losses up to 30% have been reported to be caused by Phomopsis cane and leaf spot.Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Peduto, F., Smith, R. J., and Gubler, W. D. 2013. Phomopsis dieback: A grapevine trunk disease caused by Phomopsis viticola in California. Plant Dis. 97:1571-1579. Hosts and symptoms Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is a disease that causes symptoms in the common grapevine species, ''vitis vinifera'', in many regions of the world. This disease is mainly caused by the fungal pathogen, ''Phomopsis viticola'', and is known to affect many cultivars of table grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, and Flame Seedless. Also in vines of oenological interest, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah, Barbera, Chardonnay and Merlot. Spots or lesions on shoots and leaves are commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lettuce Dieback
This article is a list of diseases of lettuce (''Lactuca sativa''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Nematodes, parasitic Phytoplasma, Viral and viroid diseases ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society{{reflist Lettuce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophthora
''Phytophthora'' (from Greek (''phytón''), "plant" and (), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ecosystems. As well as impacting large scale agriculture, ''Phytophthora'' is a nuisance to garden and indoor plant hobbyists as well as bonsai artists. The cell wall of ''Phytophthora'' is made up of cellulose. The genus was first described by Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1875. Approximately 170 species have been described, although 100–500 undiscovered ''Phytophthora'' species are estimated to exist. Pathogenicity ''Phytophthora'' spp. are mostly pathogens of dicotyledons, and many are relatively host-specific parasites. ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', though, infects thousands of species ranging from club mosses, ferns, cycads, conifers, grasses, lilies, to members of many dicotyledonous fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seiridium
''Lepteutypa'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. First described by the Austrian mycologist Franz Petrak in 1923, the genus contains 10 species according to a 2008 estimate. The genus ''Lepteutypa'' is teleomorphic (reproducing sexually) and the corresponding anamorphic name, used to describe the asexual form, is ''Seiridium'' (formerly ''Coryneum''). For instance, the name ''Seiridium cupressi'' can still be used for the anamorphic form of that species, but now that it is known that a sexual stage exists, the name ''Lepteutypa cupressi'' should be preferred for the species as a whole. On the other hand, no sexual stage of species '' Seiridium cardinale'' is known, so that is its only name. ''Seiridium cardinale'' and ''L. cupressi'' are important to gardeners and foresters as they cause the devastating Cyprus canker disease of ''Cupressus'', ''Thuja ''Thuja'' ( ) is a genus of coniferous tree or shrub in the Cupressaceae (cypress family) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pruning
Pruning is a horticultural, arboricultural, and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots. The practice entails the ''targeted'' removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted plant material from crop and landscape plants. Some try to remember the categories as "the 4 D's": the last general category being "deranged". In general, the smaller the branch that is cut, the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the wound and thus limit the potential for pathogen intrusion and decay. It is therefore preferable to make any necessary formative structural pruning cuts to young plants, rather than removing large, poorly placed branches from mature plants. In nature, meteorological conditions such as wind, ice and snow, and salinity can cause plants to self-prune. This natural shedding is called abscission. Specialized pruning practices may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutypa
''Eutypa'' is a genus of fungi in the family Diatrypaceae. The widespread genus is estimated to contain 32 species. Anamorphic forms include the genera ''Libertella'' and '' Cytosporina''. The genus was circumscribed in 1863 by the French mycologists and brothers Louis and Charles Tulasne. Species *''Eutypa acerina'' *''Eutypa aspera'' *''Eutypa astroidea'' *''Eutypa bathurstensis'' *''Eutypa crustata'' *''Eutypa flavovirens'' *''Eutypa hydnoidea'' *''Eutypa laevata'' *''Eutypa lata'' *''Eutypa leioplaca'' *''Eutypa leptoplaca'' *''Eutypa ludibunda'' *''Eutypa maura'' *''Eutypa polycocca'' *''Eutypa prorumpens'' *''Eutypa quercicola'' *''Eutypa scabrosa'' *''Eutypa sparsa'' *''Eutypa spinosa'' *''Eutypa subtecta'' *''Eutypa tetragona'' *''Eutypa ulicis'' *''Eutypa velutina ''Eutypa'' is a genus of fungi in the family Diatrypaceae. The widespread genus is estimated to contain 32 species. Anamorphic forms include the genera ''Libertella'' and '' Cytosporina''. The genus was circu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
