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Dictatorship In Brazil
The military dictatorship in Brazil (), occasionally referred to as the Fifth Brazilian Republic, was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against president João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative sectors in society, like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime, particularly after the Institutional Act No. 5 of 1968, practiced extensive censorship and committed human rights abuses. Those abuses included institutionalized torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. Despite initial pledges to the contrary, the military regime enacted a new, restrictive Constituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Dictatorship
A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which Power (social and political), power is held by one or more military officers. Military dictatorships are led by either a single military dictator, known as a Political strongman, strongman, or by a council of military officers known as a military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary. The balance of power in a military dictatorship depends on the dictator's ability to maintain the approval of the military through concessions and appeasement while using force to Political repression, repress opposition. Military strongmen may seek to consolidate power independently of the military, effectively creating Personalist dictatorship, personalist dictator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Da Costa E Silva
Artur da Costa e Silva (; 3 October 1899 – 17 December 1969) was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Brazilian Army, and held the post of Minister of War in the military government of president Castelo Branco. His administration, following the enactment of Institutional Act 5 (AI-5), marked the beginning of the harshest and most brutal phase of the military dictatorship, which was continued by General Emílio Garrastazu Médici, his successor. AI-5 granted him the power to shut down the National Congress, remove politicians from office, and institutionalize repression in response to the growing opposition to the regime. This repression was carried out through both legal and illegal means, including the torture of civilians. Costa e Silva's government was also characterized by a 15.72% growth in GDP (an average of 7.86%) and a 10.68% in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Act Number Five
The Institutional Act Number Five (), commonly known as AI-5, was the fifth of seventeen extra-legal Institutional Acts issued by the military dictatorship in the years following the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. The AI-5 suspended most civil rights, including habeas corpus, and allowed the removal from office of opposition politicians, and federal interventions in municipalities and states. It enabled institutionalization of arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial killing by the regime. It was issued by President Artur da Costa e Silva on December 13, 1968. Institutional Acts were not subject to judicial review, and superseded both the previous 1946 constitution and the 1967 constitution enacted by the regime. By suspending habeas corpus, the AI-5 enabled human rights abuses by the regime. Sometimes called ('the coup within the coup'), the AI-5 was the most impactful of all Institutional Acts. Written by Minister of Justice Luís Antônio da Gama e Silva, it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Constitution Of Brazil
During its independent political history, Brazil has had seven constitutions. The most recent was ratified on October 5, 1988. Imperial Constitution (1824) Background Prior to its independence on September 7, 1822, Brazil had no formal Constitution, since Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal only adopted its first Constitution on September 23, 1822, 16 days after Brazil proclaimed independence. In 1823, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro I started the political process of writing a Constitution. Drafting of the first Constitution of Brazil was quite difficult and the power struggle involved resulted in a long-lasting unrest that plagued the country for nearly two decades. Two major facts increased the troubles: * Large numbers of recent immigrants from Portugal (the so-called "Portuguese Party"), who wanted to keep their privileges or who were still loyal to the metropolitan government. These were found both among the wealthier parts of the population, as businessmen controlling Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 Brazilian Coup D'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état () was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1, 1964, ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985). The coup took the form of a military rebellion, the declaration of 1964 vacancy in the Presidency of Brazil, vacancy in the presidency by the National Congress of Brazil, National Congress on April 2, the formation of a military junta (the Supreme Command of the Revolution) and the exile of the president on April 4. In his place, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), president of the Chamber of Deputies, took over until the 1964 Brazilian presidential election, election by Congress of general Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, one of the leaders of the coup. Democratically 1960 Brazilian presidential election, elected vice president in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aureliano Chaves
Aureliano Chaves (13 January 1929 – 30 April 2003) was a Brazilian politician. Born in Três Pontas, state of Minas Gerais, he was a Representative of this state in the Chamber of Deputies in 1967 from the ARENA party. He was selected as the governor of Minas Gerais state from 1975 to 1978 and was elected vice-president in 1979 under João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo. He acted as president during Figueiredo's health crisis in 1981 and 1983. After the democratization of Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ..., he ran unsuccessfully for the presidency of Brazil. After the elections of 1989 he retired from politics. See also * List of governors of Minas Gerais References 1929 births 2003 deaths People from Três Pontas National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalberto Pereira Dos Santos
Adalberto Pereira dos Santos (11 April 1905 – 2 April 1984) was a Brazilian general and politician. A veteran of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force during World War II, he served as the Army Chief of Staff during Costa e Silva's Presidency and then headed the Highest Military Tribunal. He was born to Portuguese settler parents. His father emigrated from Ponte de Lima in Northern Portugal in 1898 and owned a cattle ranch. His mother's side of the family emigrated from the Azores. Dos Santos served as the 18th vice president of Brazil under General Ernesto Geisel Ernesto Beckmann Geisel (, ; 3 August 1907 – 12 September 1996) was a Brazilian Army officer and politician, who served as the 29th president of Brazil from 1974 to 1979, during the Brazilian military dictatorship. Born to German Lutheran ... from 1974 to 1979. He was the last military Vice President of Brazil. References 1905 births 1984 deaths Vice presidents of Brazil Brazilian generals Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Rademaker
Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald (11 May 1905 – 13 September 1985) was a Brazilian admiral. Rademaker was one of the leaders of the Military Junta (30 August 1969 – 30 October 1969) that ruled Brazil between the illness of Artur da Costa e Silva in August 1969 and the investiture ceremony of Emílio Garrastazu Médici in October of that same year, elected by fellow officer generals and confirmed by the Congress. In the same occasions Rademaker was picked and "elected" as vice president for the same term as Medici's (1969–1974). During his tenure as vice president he was awarded one of Portugal's highest honors, the Grand-Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword on 26 July 1972. Before, in his capacity as Minister of the Navy, he was awarded the Grand-Cross of the Order of Aviz The Military Order of Aviz (), known previously to 1910 as the Royal Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (), and before 1789 as the Knights of Saint Benedict of Aviz () or ''Friars of Santa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Aleixo
Pedro Aleixo (1 August 1901 – 3 March 1975) was a Brazilian politician who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1937 and as the 16th vice president of Brazil from 15 March 1967 to 14 October 1969. As president of the Chamber of Deputies he witnessed the coup d'état that installed the dictatorship of the Estado Novo in Brazil. Aleixo was the last vice president to hold the office of President of the Senate. As vice president, he was the designate to succeed Artur da Costa e Silva after he became incapacitated due to disease, but Aleixo was removed from the vice presidency on 6 October 1969 by the Brazilian military junta of 1969 A Military Junta or ''Junta Militar'' ruled Brazil from August 31 to October 30, 1969, between the sudden illness of President Artur da Costa e Silva and the swearing-in of Emílio Garrastazu Médici as his successor. At that time, Brazil was i ..., which took the acting presidency instead. In September 2011, pursuant to Law Nº 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Maria Alkmin
José Maria Alkmin Filho (11 June 1901 – 22 April 1974) was the 15th vice president of Brazil from 1964 to 1967. Alkmin was born in Bocaiúva. He served as Minister of Finance at various points from 1956 to 1958 before becoming vice president in 1964. He was also a deputy for the Partido Social Democrático on several occasions. He died in Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ..., aged 72. References 1901 births 1974 deaths People from Bocaiúva Brazilian people of Lebanese descent Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) politicians National Renewal Alliance politicians Vice presidents of Brazil Ministers of finance of Brazil Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Minas Gerais Brazilian people of Arab desce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Brazil
The vice president of Brazil (), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (''Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil''), or simply the ''vice president of the republic'' (''Vice-Presidente da República'') is the second-highest ranking government official in the Cabinet of Brazil, executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President of Brazil, president. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president in the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment conviction, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate. The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil), Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Figueiredo
João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (; 15 January 1918 – 24 December 1999) was a Brazilian military officer and dictator who served as the 30th president of Brazil from 1979 to 1985, the last of the Military dictatorship in Brazil, military regime that ruled the country following the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. He was chief of the National Intelligence Service of Brazil, Secret Service (SNI) during the term of his predecessor, Ernesto Geisel, who appointed him to the presidency at the end of his own term. Figueiredo’s presidency continued the political liberalization started under Geisel. Shortly after taking office, he approved a broad Amnesty law#Brazil, amnesty for politicians who had been removed from office under the Institutional Acts. In 1980, the two-party system was abolished, leading to the creation of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) as the successor to the MDB and the Democratic Social Party (PDS) as the successor to National Renewal Alliance, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
