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Diane De France
Diane de France, ''suo jure'' Duchess of Angoulême (25 July 1538 – 11 January 1619) was the illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France and his Italian lover Filippa Duci. She played an important political role during the French Wars of Religion and built the Hôtel d'Angoulême in Paris. She was the favorite of her half-brother, Henry III of France. Birth and early life Born 25 July 1538, Diane de France was the illegitimate daughter of eighteen-year-old dauphin Henry and Filippa Duci (), the daughter of a minor Italian nobleman of Fossano in the Piedmont. Her father was in Moncalieri in northern Italy on a military campaign.Mariéjol 1920, p. 37 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Angoulême
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below grand dukes and above or below princes, depending on the country or specific title. The title comes from French ''duc'', itself from the Latin '' dux'', 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military commander without an official rank (particularly one of Germanic or Celtic origin), and later coming to mean the leading military commander of a province. In most countries, the word ''duchess'' is the female equivalent. Following the reforms of the emperor Diocletian (which separated the civilian and military administrations of the Roman provinces), a ''dux'' became the military commander in each province. The title ''dux'', Hellenised to ''doux'', survived in the Eastern Roman Empire where it continued in se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diane De Poitiers
Diane de Poitiers (9 January 1500 – 25 April 1566) was a French noblewoman and courtier who wielded much power and influence as King Henry II of France, Henry II's Maîtresse-en-titre, royal mistress and adviser until his death. Her position increased her wealth and family's status. She was a major patron of French Renaissance architecture. Early life Diane de Poitiers was born on 9 January 1500, in the Château de Saint-Vallier, Drôme, France. Her parents were Jean de Poitiers, Seigneur de Saint Vallier, and Jeanne de Batarnay. She became a keen athlete, and frequently went riding and swimming for exercise. When still a girl, Diane was briefly in the retinue of Princess Anne of France, Anne de Beaujeu, King Charles VIII of France, Charles VIII's eldest sister who skillfully held the regent, regency of France during his minority. Like her fellow charges, Diane was educated according to the principles of Renaissance humanism, including Greek language, Greek and Latin, rhetoric, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis II Of France
Francis II (; 19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was List of French monarchs, King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also List of Scottish consorts, King of Scotland as the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560. He ascended the throne of France at age 15 after the accidental death of his father, Henry II of France, Henry II, in 1559. His short reign was dominated by the first stirrings of the French Wars of Religion. Although the royal age of majority was 14, his mother, Catherine de' Medici, entrusted the reins of government to his wife Mary's uncles from the House of Guise, staunch supporters of the Catholic cause. They were unable to help Catholics in Scotland against the progressing Scottish Reformation, however, and the Auld Alliance was dissolved. After dying of an ear infection, Francis was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn, both of whom were also unable to reduce tensions between Protestants and Catholics. Childhood and edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Villers-Cotterêts
The Château de Villers-Cotterêts () is a historic French château located in the town of Villers-Cotterêts in the Aisne department, Hauts-de-France, about 80 kilometres (50 miles) north-east of Paris. It is a state property and a historic monument since 1997. History Original construction The castle was built for Francis I of France on the edge of the Forest of Retz. In 1539, Francis I of France signed the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts which made the use of the French language mandatory in the acts of administration and justice. In 1661, Louis XIV granted the castle to his brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans. It remained with the House of Orléans until the Revolution. In 1787 Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans was exiled to the château over opposition to the May Edicts in 1787. Revolution and aftermath In 1790, the castle was seized as national property. Napoleon turned it into a beggar's home, a prison and a hospice in 1808. It then became a retirement home in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine De Medici
Catherine de' Medici (, ; , ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian Florentine noblewoman of the Medici family and Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King Henry II. She was the mother of French kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. She was a cousin of Pope Clement VII. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" since she had extensive, albeit at times varying, influence on the political life of France. Catherine was born in Florence to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. In 1533, at the age of 14, Catherine married Henry, the second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France, who would become Dauphin of France (heir to the throne) upon the death of his elder brother Francis in 1536. Catherine's marriage was arranged by Clement VII. Henry largely excluded Catherine from state affairs during his reign, inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne De Montmorency, Connétable De France
Anne de Montmorency, duc de Montmorency ( – 12 November 1567) was a French noble, governor, royal favourite and Constable of France during the mid to late Italian Wars and early French Wars of Religion. He served under five French kings (Louis XII of France, Louis XII, François I of France, François I, Henri II of France, Henri II, François II of France, François II and Charles IX of France, Charles IX). He began his career in the latter Italian Wars of Louis XII, seeing service at Battle of Ravenna (1512), Ravenna. When François, his childhood friend, ascended to the throne in 1515 he advanced as governor of the Bastille and Novara, then in 1522 was made a Marshal of France. He fought at the French defeat at Battle of La Bicocca, La Bicocca in that year, and after assisting in rebuffing the invasion of Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, Constable Bourbon he was captured at the disastrous Battle of Pavia. Quickly freed he worked to free first the king and then the king's sons. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Chantilly
The Château de Chantilly () is a historic French château located in the town of Chantilly, Oise, about 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of Paris. The site comprises two attached buildings: the Petit Château, built around 1560 for Anne de Montmorency, and the Grand Château, which was destroyed during the French Revolution and rebuilt in the 1870s. The château is owned by the Institut de France, which received it from Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale. An historic monument since 1988, it is open to the public. The château's art gallery, the Musée Condé, houses one of France's finest collections of paintings. It specialises in French paintings and book illuminations of the 15th and 16th centuries. History Original construction The estate's connection with the Montmorency family began in 1484. The first mansion (no longer in existence, now replaced by the Grand Château) was built, between 1528 and 1531, for Anne de Montmorency by Pierre Chambiges. The Petit Château was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesdin
Hesdin (; ) is a former Communes of France, commune in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France, department in northern France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the new commune of Hesdin-la-Forêt. Geography The N39, from Arras to Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais, Montreuil, used to be the main thoroughfare of the town. In the 1950s, a circular route was created to help traffic flow. A second bypass was built in the 1980s, taking all through traffic well away from the town centre. The Canche river flows through the centre of Hesdin. History Hesdin was a fief of the counts of Artois, vassals of the Count of Flanders, Counts of Flanders until 1180. When Philip I, Count of Flanders, Philip, count of Flanders gave Artois as dowry to his niece Isabella of Hainault when she married Philip Augustus of France in 1180, Hesdin and the other seigneuries passed to France. At the end of the 11th century, Hesdin gained renown for the Hesdin Castle, park and chateau of Robert II, Count of Artoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnival
Carnival (known as Shrovetide in certain localities) is a festive season that occurs at the close of the Christian pre-Lenten period, consisting of Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras. Carnival typically involves public party, celebrations, including events such as parades, public street party, street parties and other entertainments, combining some elements of a circus. Elaborate costumes and masks allow people to set aside their everyday individuality and experience a heightened sense of social unity.Bakhtin, Mikhail. 1984. ''Rabelais and his world''. Translated by H. Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Original edition, ''Tvorchestvo Fransua Rable i narodnaia kul'tura srednevekov'ia i Renessansa'', 1965. Participants often indulge in excessive consumption of alcohol, meat, and other foods that will be forgone during upcoming Lent. Traditionally, butter, milk, and other animal products were not consumed "excessively", r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masquerade Ball
A masquerade ball (or bal masqué) is a special kind of formal ball which many participants attend in costume wearing masks. (Compare the word "masque"—a formal written and sung court pageant.) Less formal " costume parties" may be a descendant of this tradition. A masquerade ball usually encompasses music and dancing. These nighttime events are used for entertainment and celebrations. History Masquerade balls were a feature of the Carnival season in the 15th century, and involved increasingly elaborate allegorical Royal Entries, pageants, and triumphal processions celebrating marriages and other dynastic events of late medieval court life. The " Bal des Ardents" (''"Burning Men's Ball"'') was held by Charles VI of France, and intended as a ''Bal des sauvages'' (''"Wild Men's Ball"''), a form of costumed ball ('' morisco''). It took place in celebration of the marriage of a lady-in-waiting of Charles VI of France's queen in Paris on January 28, 1393. The King and fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)
Alessandro Farnese (5 October 1520 – 2 March 1589) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal, diplomat, and a great collector and Patronage#Arts, patron of the arts. Farnese was the grandson of Pope Paul III (who also bore the name ''Alessandro Farnese''), and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547. He should not be confused with his nephew, Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, Alessandro Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, grandson of Emperor Charles V and great-grandson of Pope Paul III. Early life Farnese was born at the family castle at Valentano in Tuscany on 7 October 1520 (current province of Viterbo), the son of Pierluigi Farnese, who was the son of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (Pope Paul III); and Girolama Orsini, daughter of Ludovico Orsini, seventh Conte di Pitigliano, and Giulia Conti. Pierluigi Farnese and Girolama Orsini were married in Rome on 6 August 1519. Young Alessandro studied a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
