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Deviance (book)
Deviance may refer to: * Deviance (sociology), actions or behaviors that violate social norms * Deviancy amplification spiral, a cognitive bias (error in judgement) and a deviancy amplification term used by interactionist sociologists * Deviance (statistics), a quality of fit statistic for a model * Positive deviance, an approach to behavioral and social change * Sexual deviance (historical term) or paraphilia, recurring or intense sexual arousal to atypical things * Deviance or bid'ah, innovations and deviant acts or groups from orthodox Islamic law (Sharia) See also * Deviant (other) * Deviation (other) * Discrepancy (other) * Divergence (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviance (sociology)
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores). Although deviance may have a negative connotation, the violation of social norms is not always a negative action; positive deviation exists in some situations. Although a norm is violated, a behavior can still be classified as positive or acceptable. Social norms differ throughout society and between cultures. A certain act or behaviour may be viewed as deviant and receive sanctions or punishments within one society and be seen as a normal behaviour in another society. Additionally, as a society's understanding of social norms changes over time, so too does the collective perception of deviance. Deviance is Relativism, relative to the place where it was committed or to the time the act took place. Killing another human is generally considered wrong for ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviancy Amplification Spiral
The deviancy amplification spiral and deviancy amplification are terms used by interactionist sociologists to refer to the way levels of deviance or crime can be increased by the societal reaction to deviance itself. Origin of term The process of deviancy amplification was first described by Leslie T. Wilkins. Process According to sociologist Stanley Cohen, the spiral starts with some deviant act. Usually the deviance is criminal, but it can also involve lawful acts considered morally repugnant by a large segment of society. With the new focus on the issue, hidden or borderline examples that would not themselves have been newsworthy are reported, confirming the pattern. This confirmation of the pattern was first documented by Stanley Cohen in ''Folk Devils and Moral Panic,'' a study of the media response to clashes between the Mods and Rockers, two rival subcultures of the time. Reported cases of such deviance are often presented as the ones we know about, or the " tip of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviance (statistics)
In statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a s ..., deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood. It plays an important role in exponential dispersion models and generalized linear models. Deviance can be related to Kullback-Leibler divergence. Definition The unit deviance d(y,\mu) is a bivariate function that satisfies the following conditions: * d(y,y) = 0 * d(y,\mu) > 0 \quad\forall y \neq \mu The total deviance D(\mathbf,\hat) of a model with predictions \hat of the observation \mathbf is the sum of its unit devian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive Deviance
Positive deviance (PD) is an approach to behavioral and social change. It is based on the idea that, within a community, some individuals engage in unusual behaviors allowing them to solve problems better than others who face similar challenges, despite not having additional resources or knowledge. These individuals are referred to as ''positive deviants''.Tuhus-Dubrow, R. The Power of Positive Deviants: A promising new tactic for changing communities from the inside. Boston Globe. November 29, 2009.Singhal, Arvind, and Lucia Dura. Protecting Children from Exploitation and Trafficking Using the Positive Deviance Approach in Uganda and Indonesia. Save the Children Federation, Inc., 2010. The concept first appeared in nutrition research in the 1970s. Researchers observed that, despite the poverty in a community, some families had well-nourished children. Some suggested using information gathered from these outliers to plan nutrition programs. Principles Positive deviance is a streng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphilia
A paraphilia is an experience of recurring or intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, places, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individuals. It has also been defined as a sexual interest in anything other than a legally consenting human partner. Paraphilias are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests, although the definition of what makes a sexual interest normal or atypical remains controversial. The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilia is under debate; Anil Aggrawal has listed as many as 549 List of paraphilias, types of paraphilias. Several sub-classifications of paraphilia have been proposed; some argue that a fully dimensional, spectrum, or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evident diversity of human sexuality. Although paraphilias were believed in the 20th century to be rare among the general population, subsequent research has indicated that paraphilic interests are relatively common. Etymology Coinage of the term ''paraphil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bid'ah
In Islam and sharia (Islamic law), ( , ) refers to innovation in religious matters. Linguistically, as an Arabic word, the term can be defined more broadly, as "innovation, novelty, heretical doctrine, heresy". It is the subject of many hadith commonly used in Muslim texts. The term is also found in the Qur'an, in Surah Al-Hadid as ابتدعوها. Different hadith narrating what Muhammad and early Muslims say about bidah — one of them being: "Avoid novelties for every novelty is an innovation and every innovation is an error"A hadith collected by Abu Dawud al-Sijistani attributed to Muhammad. — are often cited as evidence of Islam's opposition to innovation in religion. The term has been said (by Mehram Kamrava) to have acquired over time "a highly negative, even dreaded connotation" in the Islamic world, where attacks on bidah have resonated with the masses of Muslims. There are a number of disagreements within the Muslim community over interpretations of the concept. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviant (other)
Deviant most commonly refers to deviant behavior, particularly in relation to social norms. Deviant may also refer to: * Deviant (comics), a fictional race of humanoids in the Marvel Comics universe * ''Deviant'' (film), a short film by Benjamin Howard * Deviant logic, a class of non-classical logics * "Deviant" (''CSI: Miami'' episode) * A member of the DeviantArt online community * Deviants, a fictional race of Androids which have gained artificial consciousness in the game Detroit: Become Human * '' Deviant: The Renegades'', a role-playing game, 2021. Music * Deviant Records, an inactive trance music record label * ''Deviant'' (Pitchshifter album), 2000 * ''Deviant'' (Regurgitate album), 2003 See also * The Deviants (other) * Deviance (other) * Deviation (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviation (other)
Deviation may refer to: Mathematics and engineering * Allowance (engineering), an engineering and machining allowance is a planned deviation between an actual dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage dimension and an intended final dimension. * Deviation (statistics), the difference between the value of an observation and the mean of the population in mathematics and statistics ** Standard deviation, which is based on the square of the difference ** Absolute deviation, where the absolute value of the difference is used ** Relative standard deviation, in probability theory and statistics is the absolute value of the coefficient of variation * Deviation of a local ring in mathematics * Deviation of a poset in mathematics * Frequency deviation, the maximum allowed "distance" in FM radio from the nominal frequency a station broadcasts at * Magnetic deviation, the error induced in compasses by local magnetic fields Albums * ''Deviation' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discrepancy (other)
{{disambiguation ...
Discrepancy may refer to: Mathematics * Discrepancy of a sequence * Discrepancy theory in structural modelling * Discrepancy of hypergraphs, an area of discrepancy theory * Discrepancy (algebraic geometry) Statistics * Discrepancy function in the context of structural equation models * Deviance (statistics) * Deviation (statistics) * Divergence (statistics) See also * Deviance (other) * Deviation (other) Deviation may refer to: Mathematics and engineering * Allowance (engineering), an engineering and machining allowance is a planned deviation between an actual dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage dim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
