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Desulfobacterium Indolicum
''Desulfobacterium indolicum'' is an oval to rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non- sporing sulfate-reducing bacterium Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate () as termina .... Its type strain is In04. It is notable for its use of particular metabolic pathways, including desulfurization of diesel. References Further reading *Aribike, D. S., et al. "Biodesulfurization of Kerosene by Desulfobacterium indolicum." Nature and Science 6 (2008). External links *LPSN [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermodesulfobacteriota
The Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. A pathogenic intracellular thermodesulfobacteriote has recently been identified. Phylogeny The phylogeny is based on phylogenomic analysis: See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera References {{Taxonbar, from=Q20643853 Bergey's volume 1 Bacteria phyla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desulfobacterales
Desulfobacterales are an order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria. The order contains three families; ''Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae'', and ''Nitrospinaceae''. The bacterium in this order are strict anaerobic respirators, using sulfate or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. Desulfobacterales can degrade ethanol, molecular hydrogen, organic acids, and small hydrocarbons. The bacterium of this order have a wide ecological range and play important environmental roles in symbiotic relationships and nutrient cycling. Habitat Desulfobacterales are found globally and often in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs, marine sediment, and solfataric fields, an area of volcanic venting that gives off sulfurous gases. Symbiotic Relationships Sulfate-reduction by ''Desulfobacteraceae'' and ''Desulfobulbaceae'' in coastal marine sediments plays an important role in molecular hydrogen cycling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desulfobacteraceae
The Desulfobacteraceae are a family of Thermodesulfobacteriota. They reduce sulfates to sulfides to obtain energy and are strictly anaerobic. They have a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Some species are chemolithotrophic and use inorganic materials to obtain energy and use hydrogen as their electron donor. Biology and biochemistry Morphology Desulfobacteraceae vary widely in shape and size across the family. ''Desulfofaba'' are straight or slightly curved rods that range in size from 0.8 to 2.1 x 3.2-6.1 μm. Those in the genus ''Desulfobacterium'' are spherical or oval shaped and somewhat smaller, ranging in size from 0.9 to 1.3 x 1.5-3.0 μm or 1.5-2.0 x 2.0-2.5 μm. They stain Gram-negative and are not known to produce spores. Some species contain a single polar flagellum used for motility. Genus and species of Desulfobacteraceae may only be definitively distinguished by analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, but certain genera may be determined through physiolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desulfobacterium
''Desulfobacterium'' is a rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae. ''Desulfobacterium'' occur widespread in brackish and marine sediments. References Further reading * * * * * * * Desulfobacterales Bacteria genera {{Thermodesulfobacteriota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Gram-negative bacteria are found in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism ''Escherichia coli'', as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', '' Chlamydia trachomatis'', and '' Yersinia pestis''. They are a significant medical challenge as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporulation
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfate-reducing Bacterium
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate () as terminal electron acceptor, reducing it to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Therefore, these sulfidogenic microorganisms "breathe" sulfate rather than molecular oxygen (O2), which is the terminal electron acceptor reduced to water (H2O) in aerobic respiration. Most sulfate-reducing microorganisms can also reduce some other oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds, such as sulfite (), dithionite (), thiosulfate (), trithionate (), tetrathionate (), elemental sulfur (S8), and polysulfides (). Depending on the context, "sulfate-reducing microorganisms" can be used in a broader sense (including all species that can reduce any of these sulfur compounds) or in a narrower sense (including only species that reduce sulfate, and excluding strict thiosulfate and sulf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desulfurization
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. This involves either the removal of sulfur from a molecule (''e.g.'' A=S → A:) or the removal of sulfur compounds from a mixture such as oil refinery streams. These processes are of great industrial and environmental importance as they provide the bulk of sulfur used in industry (Claus process and Contact process), sulfur-free compounds that could otherwise not be used in a great number of catalytic processes, and also reduce the release of harmful sulfur compounds into the environment, particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) which leads to acid rain. Processes used for desulfurization include hydrodesulfurization, SNOX process and the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA process). See also * Shell–Paques process * Flue-gas desulfurization * Biodesulfurization Biodesulfurization is the process of removing sulfur from crude oil through the use of microorganisms or their enzymes. Backgr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Fuel
Diesel fuel , also called diesel oil, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called petrodiesel in some academic circles. In many countries, diesel fuel is standardised. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Diesel fuel has many colloquial names; most commonly, it is simply referred to as ''diesel''. In the United Kingdom, diesel fuel for on-road us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
