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Depth Of Discharge
Depth of discharge (DoD) is an important parameter appearing in the context of rechargeable battery operation. Two non-identical definitions can be found in commercial and scientific sources. The depth of discharge is defined as: # the maximum fraction of a battery's capacity (given in Ah) which is removed from the charged battery on a regular basis. "''Charged"'' does not necessarily refer to ''fully or 100'' ''% charged'', but rather to the state of charge (SoC), where the battery charger stops charging, which is achieved by different techniques. # the fraction of the battery's capacity which is ''currently'' removed from the battery with regard to its (fully) charged state. For fully charged batteries, the depth of discharge is connected to the state of charge by the simple formula \mathrm = 1-\mathrm. The depth of discharge then is the complement of state of charge: as one increases, the other decreases. This definition is mostly found in scientific sources. The depth of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Charge
State of charge (SOC) quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing. It is usually expressed as percentage (0% = empty; 100% = full). An alternative form of the same measure is the depth of discharge (DOD), calculated as 1 − SOC (100% = empty; 0% = full). It refers to the amount of charge that may be used up if the cell is fully discharged. State of charge is normally used when discussing the present state of a battery in use, while depth of discharge is most often used to discuss a constant variation of state of charge during repeated cycles. In electric vehicles In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the state of charge indicates the remaining energy in the battery pack. It is the equivalent of a fuel gauge. The state of charge can help to reduce electrical car owners' anxiety when they are waiting in the line or stay at home since it will reflect the progress of charging and let owners know when it wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battery Charger
A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage and current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance for overcharging after the battery has been fully charged and can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source, depending on battery type. Simple chargers of this type must be manually disconnected at the end of the charge cycle. Other battery types use a timer to cut off when charging should be complete. Other battery types cannot withstand over-charging, becoming damaged (reduced capacity, reduced lifetime), over heating or even exploding. The charger may have temperature or voltage sensing circuits and a microprocessor controller to safely adjust the charging current and voltage, determine the stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Charge
State of charge (SOC) quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing. It is usually expressed as percentage (0% = empty; 100% = full). An alternative form of the same measure is the depth of discharge (DOD), calculated as 1 − SOC (100% = empty; 0% = full). It refers to the amount of charge that may be used up if the cell is fully discharged. State of charge is normally used when discussing the present state of a battery in use, while depth of discharge is most often used to discuss a constant variation of state of charge during repeated cycles. In electric vehicles In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the state of charge indicates the remaining energy in the battery pack. It is the equivalent of a fuel gauge. The state of charge can help to reduce electrical car owners' anxiety when they are waiting in the line or stay at home since it will reflect the progress of charging and let owners know when it wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battery Types
This list is a summary of notable electric battery types composed of one or more electrochemical cells. Three lists are provided in the table. The primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) cell lists are lists of battery chemistry. The third list is a list of battery applications. Battery cell types Batteries by application * Automotive battery * Backup battery * Battery (vacuum tube) * Battery pack * Battery room * Battery storage power station, Battery-storage power station * Biobattery * Button cell * CMOS battery * Common battery * Commodity cell * Electric vehicle battery, Electric-vehicle battery * Flow battery * Home energy storage * Inverter battery * Lantern battery * Nanobatteries * Nanowire battery * Local battery * Polapulse battery * Photoflash battery * Reserve battery * Smart battery system * Watch battery * Water-activated battery See also * Atomic battery * Baghdad Battery * Battery nomenclature * Carnot battery * Comparison of commercial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battery Management System
A battery management system (BMS) is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack) by facilitating the safe usage and a long life of the battery in practical scenarios while monitoring and estimating its various states (such as state of health and state of charge), calculating secondary data, reporting that data, controlling its environment, authenticating or balancing it. Protection circuit module (PCM) is a simpler alternative to BMS. A battery pack built together with a BMS with an external communication data bus is a smart battery pack. A smart battery pack must be charged by a smart battery charger. Functions Monitor A BMS may monitor the state of the battery as represented by various items, such as: * Voltage: total voltage, voltages of individual cells, or voltage of * Temperature: average temperature, coolant intake temperature, coolant output temperature, or temperatures of individual cells * Coolant flow: for liquid cooled b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rechargeable Battery
A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell (formally a type of energy accumulator), is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, zinc–air, nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer). Rechargeable batteries typically initially cost more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absorbent Glass Mat
A valve regulated lead‐acid (VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery, is a type of lead-acid battery characterized by a limited amount of electrolyte ("starved" electrolyte) absorbed in a plate separator or formed into a gel, proportioning of the negative and positive plates so that oxygen recombination is facilitated within the cell, and the presence of a relief valve that retains the battery contents independent of the position of the cells. There are two primary types of VRLA batteries: absorbent glass mat (AGM) and gel cell (gel battery). Gel cells add silica dust to the electrolyte, forming a thick putty-like gel; AGM (absorbent glass mat) batteries feature fiberglass mesh between the battery plates, which serves to contain the electrolyte and separate the plates. Both types of VRLA batteries offer advantages and disadvantages compared to flooded vented lead-acid (VLA) batteries or each other. Due to their construction, the gel cell and AGM typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycle Life
A charge cycle is the process of charging a rechargeable battery and discharging it as required into a load. The term is typically used to specify a battery's expected life, as the number of charge cycles affects life more than the mere passage of time. Discharging the battery fully before recharging may be called "deep discharge"; partially discharging then recharging may be called "shallow discharge". A "charge cycle" is not a unit of time; the length of time spent charging or discharging does not affect the number of charge cycles. Each battery is affected differently by charge cycles. In general, number of cycles for a rechargeable battery (the cycle life) indicates how many times it can undergo the process of complete charging and discharging until failure or starting to lose capacity. Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It is best known for its consumer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery
The lithium iron phosphate battery ( battery) or LFP battery (''lithium ferrophosphate'') is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate () as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. Because of their low cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and other factors, LFP batteries are finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility-scale stationary applications, and backup power. LFP batteries are cobalt-free. As of September 2022, LFP type battery market share for EVs reached 31%, and of that, 68% were from EV makers Tesla and BYD alone. Chinese manufacturers currently hold a near-monopoly of LFP battery type production. With patents having started to expire in 2022 and the increased demand for cheaper EV batteries, LFP type production is expected to rise further and surpass lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC) type batteries. By 2024, the LFP world market was estimated at $11-17 billion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampere Hour
An ampere-hour or amp-hour (symbol: A⋅h or A h; often simplified as Ah) is a unit of electric charge, having dimensions of electric current multiplied by time, equal to the charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere flowing for one hour (3,600 seconds), thus equal to 3600 A⋅s or Coulomb. The commonly seen milliampere-hour (symbol: mA⋅h, mA h, often simplified as mAh) is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour (3.6 coulombs). Use The ampere-hour is frequently used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating and for battery capacity where the commonly known nominal voltage is understood. A ''milliampere second'' (mA⋅s) is a unit of measurement used in X-ray imaging, diagnostic imaging, and radiation therapy. It is equivalent to a ''millicoulomb''. This quantity is proportional to the total X-ray energy produced by a given X-ray tube operated at a particular voltage. The same total dose can be delivered in different time periods d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battery Balancing
Battery balancing and battery redistribution refer to techniques that improve the available capacity of a battery pack with multiple cells (usually in series) and increase each cell's longevity. A ''battery balancer'' or ''regulator'' is an electrical device in a battery pack that performs battery balancing. Circuitry that includes designs to balance cell charges during battery pack recharging may be either ''active'' or ''passive'' in its design, and is most often found in lithium-ion batteries, e.g., for laptop computers, electrical vehicles. etc. Rationale The individual cells in a battery pack naturally have somewhat different capacities, and so, over the course of charge and discharge cycles, may be at a different state of charge (SOC). Variations in capacity are due to manufacturing variances, assembly variances (e.g., cells from one production run mixed with others), cell aging, impurities, or environmental exposure (e.g., some cells may be subject to additiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
