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Deodoro Roca
Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the Head of Provisional Government and the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a national figure. Fonseca took office as provisional president after heading a military coup that deposed Emperor Pedro II and established the First Brazilian Republic in 1889, disestablishing the Empire. After his election in 1891, he stepped down the same year under great political pressure when he dissolved the National Congress. He died less than a year later. Early life Fonseca was born the third child of a large military family on 5 August 1827 in Alagoas da Lagoa do Sul, Alagoas, a town that now bears his name as Marechal Deodoro, in Northeast Brazil. He was the son of Manuel Mendes da Fonseca Galvão (1785–1859) and his wife, Rosa Maria Paulina de Barros Cavalcanti (1802–1873). During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excellency
Excellency is an honorific style (manner of address), style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy. Once entitled to the title "Excellency", the holder usually retains the right to that courtesy throughout their lifetime, although in some cases the title is attached to a particular office and is held only during tenure of that office. Generally people addressed as ''Excellency'' are heads of state, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, Roman Catholic bishops, high-ranking ecclesiastics, and others holding equivalent rank, such as heads of international organizations. Members of royal families generally have distinct addresses such as Majesty, Highness, etc.. While not a title of office itself, the honorific ''Excellency'' precedes various titles held by the holder, both in speech and in writing. In reference to such an official, it takes the form ''His'' or ''Her Excellency''; in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalíssimo
''Generalissimo'' ( ), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used. Usage The word (), an Italian term, is the absolute superlative of ( 'general') thus meaning "the highest-ranking of all generals". The superlative suffix itself derives from Latin , meaning "utmost, to the highest grade". Similar cognates in other languages include in Spanish, in Portuguese, in French, and in Latin. The Russian word comes from Latin. Historically, this rank was given to a military officer leading an entire army or the entire armed forces of a state, usually only subordinate to the sovereign. Alternatively, those of imperial blood or the commanders-in-chief of several allied armies could gain the title. The military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein in 1632 became the first imperial ''generalissimo'' (general of the generals) of the Holy Roman Empire. Other usage of the title has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Southern Cross
The National Order of the Southern Cross () is a Brazilian Orders, decorations, and medals of Brazil, order of chivalry founded by List of monarchs of Brazil, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro I on 1 December 1822. The order aimed to commemorate the Brazilian Declaration of Independence, independence of Brazil (7 September 1822) and the coronation of Pedro I (1 December 1822). The name derives from the geographical position of the country, under the constellation of the Crux, Southern Cross and also in memory of the name – Ilha de Vera Cruz, ''Terra de Santa Cruz'' (Land of the Holy Cross) – given to Brazil following its first arrival by Europeans in 1500. History Originally known as the Imperial Order of the Cross (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Ordem Imperial do Cruzeiro''), the Order was created by Emperor Pedro I on the day of his Coronation, 1 December 1822. Also on the same date the first knights of the order were appointed, to commemorate the crowning of the Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolta Da Armada
The Brazilian Naval Revolts, or the Revoltas da Armada (in Portuguese), were armed mutiny, mutinies promoted mainly by admirals Custódio José de Melo and Saldanha da Gama and their fleet of rebel Brazilian navy ships against the claimed unconstitutional staying in power of president Floriano Peixoto. The United States supported the incumbent government against the insurgents. First revolt In November 1891, President Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, amid a political crisis compounded by the effects of Encilhamento, an economic crisis, in flagrant violation of the new 1891 Brazilian Constitution, constitution, decided to "solve" the political crisis by ordering the closure of Congress, supported mainly by the São Paulo (State), Paulista oligarchy. The Navy, still resentful of the circumstances and outcomes of the Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil), coup that had put an end to the monarchy in Brazil, under the leadership of admiral Custódio José de Melo, rose up and threatene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Piribebuy
The Battle of Piribebuy was fought on 12 August 1869 in the Paraguayan town of Piribebuy, which was then serving as a temporary capital of the Paraguayan government. The Paraguayan defenders, who were poorly armed and included children, fought the attacks of the Allied forces, led by French-born Brazilian general prince Gaston of Orleans, the Count of Eu, son-in-law of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. The town refused two peace envoys calling for surrender, sent by the Count of Eu. At 0400, the Brazilian batteries surrounding the town started a bombardment which lasted until 0800, when the infantry charged. General João Manuel Mena Barreto was mortally wounded leading a cavalry charge against the Paraguayans. The battle lasted for five hours, with the Allies, who had overwhelming numerical advantage, capturing the town. The town's hospital was burned and official documents were lost in the resulting fire.Margaret Hebblethwaite (2010). Paraguay'. Guilford: Bradt Travel Guides, pp. 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Angostura (1868)
The Angostura Fortress was a Paraguayan Army fortification, located by the Pikysyry stream (a tributary of the Paraguay river), in Paraguayan territory. The Paraguayan War, /sup> (also known as the War of the Triple Alliance /sup> and the Great War /sup> in Paraguay), was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance nations (Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...). Angostura Fortress was a battery of Paraguayan defense line fortifications strategically located along Lomas Valentinas. The Paraguayan units surrendered the fortification on 27 December 1868, which were then occupied by Imperial Brazilian Army forces on 30 December 1868. This led to a series of victorious battles wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Humaitá
The siege of Humaitá was a military operation in which the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay) flanked, besieged and captured the Fortress of Humaitá, a Paraguayan stronghold that was referred to as the Gibraltar of South America. It fell on 26 July 1868. It can be considered the key event of the Paraguayan War since the fortress had frustrated the allied advance into Paraguay for more than two years. However it did not surrender as the defenders escaped, most of them to fight another day. The allies were severely criticised for the time it took them to take the installation, whose strength was belittled. But they were essentially a pre-professional army fighting a long way from home against an unaccustomed defence tactic: artillery in prepared, entrenched positions firing a hail of anti-personnel shot. Further, they were battling in unprecedented terrain — most of it impassible, all of it unmapped — in the wetlands of southern Paraguay. It gave the Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Potrero Obella
The Battle of Potrero Obella was a battle between a Paraguayan Army The Paraguayan Army () is the ground force branch of the Armed Forces of Paraguay. It is organized into three corps and nine divisions, and several commands and direction. It has gone to war on many occasions, notably in the War of the Triple A ... of 300 against 5,000 Brazilians. Although the Paraguayans took heavy losses, they inflicted 395 casualties (85 killed, 310 wounded) on the Brazilians. Brazilian Gen. Barreto was sent from Villa del Pillar to capture Tayi on the River Paraguay, and Potrero Ovello on 27 October 1867. This would enable a Brazilian blockade of the Paraguayan garrisons. After their defeat on 28 Oct., the surviving Paraguayans made their way back to Humaita. References Conflicts in 1867 Battles of the Paraguayan War Battles involving Paraguay Battles involving Brazil October 1867 1867 in Paraguay {{Brazil-battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tuyutí
The Battle of Tuyutí (Tuiuti in Portuguese) was a Paraguayan offensive in the Paraguayan War targeting the Triple Alliance encampment of Tuyutí. It is considered to be the bloodiest battle ever in South America. The result of the battle was an Allied victory, which added to the Paraguayan troubles after the loss of its fleet in the Battle of Riachuelo. This battle is particularly important in Brazil, being nicknamed ''"A Batalha dos Patronos"'' (The Battle of the Patrons) since the Army's patrons of the Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery fought in it. The Battle of Tuyutí also marks the Brazilian Army's Infantry Day due to the loss of brigadier general Antônio de Sampaio (known as ''Brigadeiro Sampaio''), patron of the Infantry, while holding his position at the head of his ''Divisão Encouraçada'' (Ironclad Division, the 3rd Division). Another Paraguayan attack on the Allied camp was repelled in November 1867. Preliminaries In early May 1866, the Paraguayan assault at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Estero Bellaco
The Battle of Estero Bellaco was one of the bloodiest battles of the Paraguayan War. The battle was fought on 2 May 1866 with the Paraguayan Army suffering 2,000 casualties among the dead and wounded. Likewise, 300 of their men were taken prisoner by the troops belonging to the Triple Alliance: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The allies lost nearly 2,000 men, mostly wounded, and the Uruguayan troops of General Venancio Flores - commanded by León de Pallejas - were severely decimated, accounting for the vast majority of allied deaths. This estuary is located in the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay, on the banks of the river of the same name. To the south is the Argentine Republic. Background On 16 April 1866, Allied troops under the command of General Osório, crossed the River Paraguay and attacked Fort Itapirú and Paso de la Patria.Hooker, T.D., 2008, The Paraguayan War, Nottingham: Foundry Books, By the 23rd, the Paraguayans had retreated behind the great marsh of Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War (, , ), also known as the War of the Triple Alliance (, , ), was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin American history. Paraguay sustained large casualties, but even the approximate numbers are disputed. Paraguay was forced to cede disputed territory to Argentina and Brazil. The war began in late 1864, as a result of a conflict between Paraguay and Brazil caused by the Uruguayan War. Argentina and Uruguay entered the war against Paraguay in 1865, and it then became known as the "War of the Triple Alliance". After Paraguay was defeated in conventional warfare, it conducted a drawn-out guerrilla resistance, a strategy that resulted in the further destruction of the Paraguayan military and the civilian population. Much of the civilian population died due to battle, hunger, and disease. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
