Democratic Union Movement
The Democratic Union Movement (french: Mouvement Union Démocratique, MUD) was a political alliance in Monaco. History The MUD was established in 1963 as an alliance of trade unions and Communists, including the Union of Trade Unions of Monaco.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p639 It won one seat in the 1963 elections, with the National Democratic Union (UND) winning the other 17.McHale, p641 It lost its seat in the 1968 elections (in which the UND won all 18 seats), but won a single seat again in the 1973 elections. It lost the seat in 1978, and did not contest any further elections.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An ex ... & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1358 Electoral histor ...
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Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional s ...
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books.About the contributors
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Bibliography

Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific'' (2002), *''Vo ...
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Defunct Political Parties In Monaco
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Communist Parties In Europe
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state ...
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Communist Front Organizations
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist sta ...
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1978 Monegasque General Election
General elections were held in Monaco on 15 January 1978. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council. Results By party References Elections in Monaco Monaco 1978 in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word ...

1973 Monegasque General Election
General elections were held in Monaco on 4 February 1973, with a second round of voting on 11 February.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1357 The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won 16 of the 18 seats in the National Council. Results By party First round Second round References Elections in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word ... 1973 in Monaco February 1978 events in Europe {{Monaco-election-stub ...
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1968 Monegasque General Election
General elections were held in Monaco on 24 March 1968.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1357 The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council. Results By party References Elections in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word ... 1968 in Monaco March 1968 events in Europe {{Monaco-election-stub ...
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1963 Monegasque General Election
General elections were held in Monaco on 25 February and 3 March 1963.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1357 The elections were the first since the promulgation of a new constitution implemented after Prince Rainier III relinquished his absolute rule over the principality, and the first in which women were permitted to vote."Monaco Women Vote For The First Time", UPI report in ''Indianapolis Star'', 25 February 1963, p2 The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won 17 of the 18 seats in the National Council. Results Sixteen seats were won in the first round, with two decided in the second. References Elections in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word ... 1963 in Monaco Febru ...
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Monegasque General Election, 1978
General elections were held in Monaco on 15 January 1978. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council. Results By party References Elections in Monaco Monaco 1978 in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Lig ...

Socialism
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be state/public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change. Socialist systems are divided into non-market and mark ...
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Monegasque General Election, 1973
General elections were held in Monaco on 4 February 1973, with a second round of voting on 11 February.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1357 The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won 16 of the 18 seats in the National Council. Results By party First round Second round References Elections in Monaco Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word ... 1973 in Monaco February 1978 events in Europe {{Monaco-election-stub ...
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