Democratic Renewal (Andorra)
Democratic Renewal (, RD) was a social-liberal political party in Andorra. History For the 2005 parliamentary elections, the party was part of an alliance with the Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Form ... and Parochial Union of Independents Group named L'Alternativa. Nohlen D & Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p164 The alliance won twelve seats. The party did not contest the 2009 elections but instead supported Andorra for Change, which won three seats. It did not participate in the 2011 elections. The party was dissolved in September 2011. References Political parties in Andorra Social liberal parties Defunct liberal political parties 2005 establishments in Andorra Political parties established in 2005 Po ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Democratic Party (Andorra)
The Democratic Party (, PD) was a Christian-democratic political party in Andorra. Its final election was the 2001 Andorran parliamentary election. History The party was established in the run-up to the 2001 elections when the National Democratic Group split in two, with the Social Democratic Party also being formed. Nohlen D & Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 162, The new party received 22.7% of the vote and won five seats. Thereafter, the party did not contest any further elections. Their former candidates Enric Tarrado Vives and Julià Call i Raig joined the Andorran Democratic Centre– Century 21 coalition while Patrick Garcia Ricart led the Democratic Renewal Democratic Renewal (DIANA, Greek language, Greek: ''Δημοκρατική Ανανέωση'' (ΔΗ.ΑΝΑ.), ''Dimokratiki Ananeosi'') was a Greece, Greek political party founded by Konstantinos Stephanopoulos on September 6, 1985. It continue ... list. References Defunct poli ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and inf ...s and political development, he has published several books. Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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2005 Establishments In Andorra
5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. Humans, and many other animals, have 5 digits on their limbs. Mathematics 5 is a Fermat prime, a Mersenne prime exponent, as well as a Fibonacci number. 5 is the first congruent number, as well as the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle, making part of the smallest Pythagorean triple ( 3, 4, 5). 5 is the first safe prime and the first good prime. 11 forms the first pair of sexy primes with 5. 5 is the second Fermat prime, of a total of five known Fermat primes. 5 is also the first of three known Wilson primes (5, 13, 563). Geometry A shape with five sides is called a pentagon. The pentagon is the first regular polygon that does not tile the plane with copies of itself. It is the largest face any of the five regular three-dimensional regular Platonic solid can have. A conic is determined ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Defunct Liberal Political Parties
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product In Industry (economics), industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the Product engineering, engineering, Product design, design, and Manufacturing, ma ... * Obsolescence {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Social Liberal Parties
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from the Latin word ''socii'' ("allies"). It is particularly derived from the Italian ''Socii'' states, historical allies of the Roman Republic (although they rebelled against Rome in the Social War of 91–87 BC). Social theorists In the view of Karl Marx,Morrison, Ken. ''Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought'' human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who, beyond being "gregarious creatures", cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproduci ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Political Parties In Andorra
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external forc ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Andorran Parliamentary Election, 2011
Early parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 3 April 2011 after the General Council of Andorra was dissolved over problems in passing important laws, including the budget and laws related to a value added tax. The Democrats for Andorra won an absolute majority of seats making Antoni Martí the prime minister-designate. Background The two co-princes of Andorra – the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell – do not get involved in internal politics, particularly after the May 1993 constitution making the principality an independent state. Fall of government A crisis in government developed after banking secrecy laws were lifted and a value added tax was due to be applied to companies, along with an opening up to foreign investment. After the 2009 election, the Social Democratic Party achieved a plurality of seats but fell one seat short of an overall majority, thus providing for more deadlock during key pieces of legislation. The government fell two years ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Andorra For Change
Andorra for Change (, APC) was a political party in Andorra. The party was in favor of the country remaining a tax haven, and as such was against alterations to the tax system that would take that status away. History The party was established in 2008 under the leadership of businessman Eusebi Nomen Calvet, and contested the elections the following year. Supported by Democratic Renewal, the APC won three seats. The party initially supported the Social Democratic Party government of Jaume Bartumeu, but later withdrew its support, resulting in the government having problems passing the budget.Latest elections IPU After the 2011 budget was rejected by the General Council, early elections were called. In those [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Andorran Parliamentary Election, 2009
Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 26 April 2009, . the fourth under the 1993 Constitution. The elections were held at the end of the normal four-year term of the General Council (''Consell General'', Andorra's parliament), but also following months of intense pressure from Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy to change the country's banking secrecy laws. The Social Democratic Party led by Jaume Bartumeu was the clear winner, with 45.03% of votes for its national list, followed by the "Reformist Coalition" led by the Liberal Party of Andorra (32.34%) and the new Andorra for Change party (18.86%). The Social Democrats hold fourteen seats in the General Council, against eleven for the Liberals and three for Andorra for Change. The electorate, restricted to Andorran citizens, was 20,298 voters out of a population of about 85,000.. There were 114 candidates for 28 seats, more than one candidate for every 200 voters. Turnout was 75.3%. Issues The main issue in the elec ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Parochial Union Of Independents Group
The Parochial Union of Independents Group (, GUPI) was a local progressive political party in Ordino, Andorra. History In the local elections in 2003 GUPI won two of the ten seats in Ordino. For the 2005 parliamentary elections the party was part of an alliance with the Social Democratic Party and Democratic Renewal named L'Alternativa.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An ex ... & Philip Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p164 The alliance won twelve seats. GUPI retained its alliance with the Social Democratic Party for the 2009 elections, with the coalition emerging victorious after winning 14 of the 28 seats. [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Social Liberalism
Social liberalism is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which favors limited government and an overall more ''laissez-faire'' style of governance. While both are committed to personal freedoms, social liberalism places greater emphasis on the role of government in addressing social inequalities and ensuring public welfare Social liberal governments address economic and social issues such as poverty, welfare spending, welfare, infrastructure, healthcare, and education using government intervention, while emphasising individual rights and autonomy. Economically, social liberalism is based on the social market economy and views the common good as harmonious with the individual's freedom. Social liberals overlap with social democrats in accepting market intervention more than other liberals; its importance is consider ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Social Democratic Party (Andorra)
The Social Democratic Party (, PS) is a social-democratic political party in Andorra Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a Sovereignty, sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Southwestern Europe, Andorra–France border, bordered by France to the north and Spain to A .... History The party was established in the run-up to the March 2001 parliamentary elections when the National Democratic Group split in two, with the Democratic Party also being formed. Nohlen D & Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p162 The new party received 28.7% of the vote and won six seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p164 In the buildup to the April 2005 parliamentary elections the party formed an alliance named L'Alternativa with the Parochial Union of Independents Group (GUPI) and Democratic Renewal to contest parish-level seats. The party won six seats at the national level, whilst the alliance won six seats at the pari ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |