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Deep Lake Water Cooling System
The Deep Lake Water Cooling System or DLWC is a deep water source cooling project in Toronto, Canada. As a renewable energy project, it involves running cold water from Lake Ontario to air conditioning, air-conditioned buildings located in downtown Toronto. The DLWC was built by Enwave, and opened August 17, 2004. Notable clients include Toronto-Dominion Centre, Royal Bank Plaza, RBC Centre, Metro Toronto Convention Centre, University Health Network, and Scotiabank Arena. Compared to traditional air-conditioning, DLWC reduces electricity use by 75%, and may eliminate 40,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Development An Environmental Assessment and design of the DLWC was completed by R.V. Anderson Associates Limited starting in 1997. Pre-construction was funded by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, and began in 1997. It was officially launched on August 17, 2004, at Steam Whistle Brewing, one of Enwave's customers. The launch was attended by actor Alec Baldwin, Ontario M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enwave
Enwave Energy Corporation is a Canadian multinational energy company based in Toronto that focuses on sustainable district energy including heating, cooling, hot water, combined heat and power, and geothermal energy systems. It is one of the largest district energy systems in North America and has been referred as the leading energy district system with 17 heating plants, 21 chilled water plants and ice on coil storage tanks. It serves over 700 customers including commercial properties, developers, municipalities, health care, educational centres and residential units. History The company was originally established as the Toronto Hospitals Steam Corporation in 1969 to provide heating services for the Toronto General Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, New Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, and later provided these services to other medical institutions, the University of Toronto and the provincial government. It was renamed as the Toronto District Heating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steam Whistle Brewing
Steam Whistle Brewing is an independent brewery in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 2000 by three former employees of Upper Canada Brewing Company after that company was bought out. The company produces only one style of its own beer, a Premium Pilsner. The company also produces New Belgium Brewing Company brands for the Canadian market. The brewery occupies Bays 1–14 in the John Street Roundhouse building at Roundhouse Park. Built in 1929, it was previously the home of a Canadian Pacific Railway steam locomotive repair facility and operated as such until May 13, 1988. The John Street Roundhouse is designated a National Historic Site and is owned by the City of Toronto. The company operates the annual Steam Whistle's Roundhouse Winter Craft Beer Festival (RHCBF). The brewery was the first customer of renewable energy Renewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable resource, renewable natural resources that are replenished on a hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legionella Pneumophila
''Legionella pneumophila'', the primary causative agent for Legionnaires' disease, Legionnaire's disease, is an Aerobic organism, aerobic, pleomorphic, Flagellum, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative bacterium. ''L. pneumophila'' is a intracellular parasite that preferentially infects soil amoebae and freshwater protozoa for replication. Due to ''L. pneumophila’s'' ability to thrive in water, it can grow in water filtration systems, leading to faucets, showers, and other fixtures. Aerosolized water droplets containing ''L. pneumophila'' originating from these fixtures may be inhaled by humans. Upon entry to the human respiratory tract, ''L. pneumophila'' is able to infect and reproduce within human Alveolar macrophage, alveolar macrophages. This causes the onset of Legionnaires' disease, also known as legionellosis. Infected humans may display symptoms such as fever, delirium, diarrhea, and decreased liver and kidney function. ''L. pneumophila' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooling Towers
A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream, to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of ''dry cooling towers'', rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature using radiators. Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations, nuclear power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers. Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures that can be up to tall and in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Exchangers
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant. Flow arrangement There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangeme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plate Heat Exchanger
A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids are spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. Plate heat exchangers are now common and very small brazed versions are used in the hot-water sections of millions of Water heating#Tankless heaters, combination boilers. The high heat transfer efficiency for such a small physical size has increased the domestic hot water (DHW) flowrate of combination boilers. The small plate heat exchanger has made a great impact in domestic heating and hot-water. Larger commercial versions use gaskets between the plates, whereas smaller versions tend to be brazed. The concept behind a heat exchanger is the use of pipes or other containment vessels to heat or cool one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Street Pumping Station
The John Street Pumping Station is a municipal water pumping station in Toronto, Ontario Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ..., Canada. This pumping station also incorporates the Deep Lake Water Cooling System. The station was originally located on John Street where the SkyDome is presently located. It was relocated in 1987 to its present location bounded by Bremner Boulevard, Rees Street, Lakeshore Boulevard and Van De Water Crescent. History The first station near this site was a privately-owned pumping station that was located further north. In 1874 the first municipally-owned water pumping station was constructed near the John Street site was built on a pier jutting out into Toronto Bay. This had a capacity of 36 million litres per day and served a population o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypolimnion
The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally- stratified lake. The word " hypolimnion" is derived from . It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface wind-mixing during summer, and usually receives insufficient irradiance (light) for photosynthesis to occur. Oxygen dynamics The deepest portions of the hypolimnion often have lower oxygen concentrations than the surface waters (i.e., epilimnion). While oxygen can typically exchange between surface waters and the atmosphere (i.e., in the absence of ice cover), bottom waters are comparatively isolated from atmospheric replenishment of oxygen. In particular, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below. Depending largely on season, latitude, and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or they may form temporarily in response to phenomena such as the radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of a thermocline include seasonal weather variations, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and currents. Oceans Most of the heat energy of the sunlight that strikes the Earth is absorbed in the first few centimeters at the ocean's surface, which hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HDPE Pipe
HDPE pipe (high-density polyethylene pipe) is a type of flexible plastic Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipe used to transfer fluids and gases. It is often employed for replacing aging concrete or steel main Pipeline, pipelines. Constructed from the thermoplastic HDPE (high-density polyethylene), it has low Permeability (Earth sciences), permeability and robust molecular bonding, making it suitable for high-pressure Pipeline, pipelines. HDPE pipe is often used for Water distribution system, water mains, Gas main, gas mains, Sewerage, sewer mains, slurry transfer lines, rural irrigation, Fire suppression system, fire-suppression system supply lines, Electrical conduit, electrical and communication conduits, and stormwater and drainage pipes. It is frequently used in pipe bursting. Attributes HDPE is resistant to many environmental factors and has applications where cheap but durable fluid piping systems are required. HDPE pipe can be joined by butt welding, electrofusion welding, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Bussin
Sandra Bussin is a politician in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was a municipal councillor for Toronto City Council for Ward 32 in east Toronto from 1998 to 2010. From 2006 to 2010 she was Speaker of Toronto City Council. Background Bussin was born in Toronto and grew up in the Dawes Road area. She attended Coleman Avenue Public School, then to Central Tech and Eastern Commerce. Bussin graduated with a BA in fine arts from York University. She worked as a teacher and served as a trustee for the Toronto District School Board. She also worked as a senior political advisor at the provincial legislature for NDP Member of Provincial Parliament Morton Shulman. City councillor Elected in 1997 to the first council of the newly amalgamated City of Toronto, Bussin served four terms as city councillor for Ward 32 Beaches-East York.Sandra Bussin. City of Toronto Councillors. City of TorontoArchived Bio Retrieved July 24, 2010. In the council term from 2003 to 2006, Bussin served as a de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
